MEL T. WRIGHT, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1992-05-13
No. 91-0547
GLICKSTEIN, C.J., and FARMER, J., concur., STONE, J., concurs specially with opinion.
600 So. 2d 11 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1992) Positive Treatment
Cited by 14 cases

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Synopsis

Appellant Wright was convicted of second degree murder with a firearm and other offenses pursuant to a plea agreement capping his sentence at sixty years. The court reversed his sentences because they exceeded the forty-year maximum permitted by statute for life felonies committed with a firearm, constituting fundamental error that can be raised even without objection.


Holding

The sentences for counts of second degree murder with a firearm and attempted first degree murder with a firearm must be reversed because they violated the forty-year statutory maximum for life felonies. A sentence exceeding the statutory maximum constitutes fundamental error that can be raised at any time, even without objection at trial. The case is remanded for resentencing consistent with the plea agreement's sixty-year cap using consecutive sentences if necessary, provided they do not exceed the statutory limits.


Headnotes

[1] A sentence exceeding the statutory maximum for a felony offense is illegal.

[2] A trial court cannot impose a sentence that exceeds the statutory maximum for a specific offense, even if the total sentence for all offenses is within legal limits.

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Key Quotes

“In other words, whenever a court sentencing a life felony opts for a term of years in lieu of a life sentence, that court is limited to a sentence no harsher than forty years.”

Establishes the controlling principle that the statutory maximum for life felonies sentenced to a term of years is forty years, not subject to waiver by plea agreement.

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Facts & Procedural History

On April 27, 1990, Wright was indicted for first degree murder, attempted first degree murder with a firearm, two counts of attempted robbery with a f…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant appeals from his sentence. We reverse and remand.

On April 27, 1990, appellant was charged by indictment with first degree murder (Count I), attempted first degree murder with a firearm (Count II), two counts of attempted robbery with a firearm (Counts Ill and IV), armed burglary of a dwelling (Count V), and grand theft (Count VI).

On December 27, 1990, appellant signed a written plea agreement and pled nolo contendere to second degree murder with a firearm under Count I and the remaining offenses as charged. According to the terms of the plea agreement, the state would not seek a sentence in excess of sixty years, appellant could seek any guidelines or below guidelines sentence, and the mandatory sentences for use of a firearm would be concurrent. The trial court accepted appellant’s plea.

According to his scoresheet, the recommended range for appellant’s sentence was twenty-two to twenty-seven years and the permitted range was seventeen to forty years. Appellant urged the trial court to sentence him within the lower end of the recommended range. The prosecutor, on the other hand, asserted that appellant should be sentenced to the maximum term possible under the plea agreement, i.e., sixty years.

The trial court sentenced appellant to a sixty year term of imprisonment followed by ten years probation for second degree murder with a firearm (Count I), a concurrent sixty year term of imprisonment for attempted first degree murder with a firearm (Count II), two concurrent fifteen year terms of imprisonment for the attempted robbery convictions (Counts III and IV), a concurrent thirty year term of imprisonment for armed burglary of a dwelling (Count V), and a concurrent five year term of imprisonment for grand theft (Count VI). The mandatory minimum three year sentences for use of a firearm also were imposed concurrently.

Appellant correctly asserts that the sentences for Counts I and II must be reversed. Both second degree murder and attempted first degree murder are first degree felonies. §§ 777.04, 782.04(l)(a), 782.04(2), Fla.Stat. (1989). When these offenses are committed while the defendant is in possession of a firearm, they become life felonies. § 775.087, Fla.Stat. (1989). A person convicted of a life felony after October 1, 1983, may be punished “by a term of imprisonment for life or by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 40 years.” § 775.082(3)(a), Fla.Stat. (1989). “In other words, whenever a court sentencing a life felony opts for a term of years in lieu of a life sentence, that court is limited to a sentence no harsher than forty years.” Greenhalgh v. State, 582 So. 2d 107, 107-08 (Fla. 2d DCA1991). While life sentences would be permissible under the statutes, appellant’s plea agreement provided for a maximum sentence of sixty years.

Although appellant did not object to his sentence below, “a sentence that exceeds the maximum allowed by statute is fundamental error which can be raised at any time.” Id. at 108. Accordingly, we reverse appellant’s sentences for Counts I and II and remand for resentencing. Our opinion should not be construed as precluding the use of consecutive sentences to accomplish the purposes embodied in the plea agreement provided only that the new sentences do not exceed sixty years and are not violative of the strictures of Blackshear v. State, 531 So. 2d 956 (Fla.1988).

GLICKSTEIN, C.J., and FARMER, J., concur. STONE, J., concurs specially with opinion.

Concurrence
STONE, Judge,

STONE, Judge,

concurring specially.

I concur specially only to note that in my judgment the trial court also retains the option of rejecting the initial plea. In all other respects, I concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Prince C. Ferguson v. State, 804 So. 2d 411 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
    …eatens, or attempts to use any weapon or firearm,” during the commission of the felony, unless the use of a weapon or firearm is an essential element of the felony), and that such enhancement was mandatory. Appellant is correct. See Wright v. State, 600 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992) (reversing sixty-year sentences for two first degree felonies that became life felonies due to the possession of a firearm, which could be punished by life or a term not exceeding forty years); Stevens v. State, 619 So. 2d 9 (Fla…
  • McDUFFIE v. State, 946 So. 2d 99 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)
    …guson, 804 So. 2d at 412 (reversing forty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder, a first-degree felony that became a life felony due to the possession of a firearm, which could be punished by a term not exceeding forty years); Wright v. State, 600 So. 2d 11, 12 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992) (reversing sixty-year sentences for two first-degree felonies that became life felonies due to the possession of a firearm, which could be punished by a term not exceeding forty years). McDuffie’s forty-five-year prison sent…
  • Cayson v. State, 638 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
    …88 years in prison. Second degree murder with a firearm is a life felony. See §§ 775.087(1) (1992); 775.-082(3)(a) (1992). As such, the only valid sentences are life in prison or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 40 years. E.g. Wright v. State, 600 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992); Salas v. State, 589 So. 2d 343 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991). This court has recognized a sentence in excess of the maximum term allowed by law, will not be enforced notwithstanding a plea stipulation. See Reed v. State, 616 So. 2d 592 (…

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