DIANNE HAMMOND, APPELLANT,
v.
NAN BICKNELL, A/K/A MRS. JAMES M. BICKNELL, APPELLEE
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Dianne Hammond appeals a summary judgment granted against her in a suit on an oral loan contract. The appellate court reversed, holding that genuine issues of material fact existed regarding whether Hammond's obligation to repay was unconditional or conditioned on her financial ability to pay.
Summary judgment was improper because genuine issues of material fact existed. An agreement to repay a loan only according to one's financial ability creates a conditional promise, and the creditor is not entitled to recovery unless the promisor is able to pay. Thus, factual issues remained regarding whether repayment was due on demand and whether Hammond presently had the financial ability to pay.
[1] Summary judgment is improper when genuine issues of material fact remain to be decided.
[2] An oral agreement to repay a loan based on the promisor's financial ability creates a conditional promise to pay.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a court may grant summary judgment only when the pleadings, discovery and affidavits on file affirmatively demonstrate that there are no genuine issues of material fact left to be decided in the case”
Establishes the legal standard for summary judgment that the trial court failed to satisfy.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceNan Bicknell loaned Dianne Hammond $5,000 and demanded repayment. Hammond admitted the debt but claimed she had an oral agreement to make periodic pay…
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ULMER, RAY E., Jr., Associate Judge.
This is an appeal from a summary judgment entered for the plaintiff in a suit on an oral loan contract.
Nan Bicknell filed a complaint against Dianne Hammond in which she alleged that she had loaned Miss Hammond $5,000. She further alleged that she had made a demand upon Miss Hammond but that Miss Hammond had refused to repay the loan. In subsequent pleadings, Miss Hammond admitted the existence of her $5,000 debt to Mrs. Bicknell, but she denied that she presently owed the money, alleging that under an oral agreement she had made with Mrs. Bicknell, she was to make periodic payments over an unspecified period of time in accordance with her ability to pay.
Mrs. Bicknell moved for summary judgment. The trial court granted the motion and entered a final judgment in her favor. Miss Hammond thereafter instituted this timely appeal.
As always, in matters dealing with the propriety of summary judgment, we must begin our consideration with the rule that a court may grant summary judgment only when the pleadings, discovery and affidavits on file affirmatively demonstrate that there are no genuine issues of material fact left to be decided in the case. Holl v. Talcott, 191 So. 2d 40 (Fla.1966); Snyder v. Cheezem Development Corp., 373 So. 2d 719 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979). After a careful review of the record in this cause and the relevant law, we have concluded that at the time the court granted Mrs. Bicknell’s motion, there were genuine issues of material fact. Accordingly, we hold that the court erred in granting the motion for summary judgment.
As we noted above, Miss Hammond raised the defense that she had agreed to repay the loan only as she had the financial ability to do so. Although we have been unable to locate any cases in Florida on the effect of such a promise on a contract, it appears that the majority view and the one which we think is the better rule is that this type of agreement creates only a conditional promise to pay so that the creditor is not entitled to recover on the promise unless the promisor is in fact able to pay the debt. Van Buskirk v. Kuhns, 164 Cal. 472, 129 P. 587 (1913); Draper v. Patterson, 156 Cal.App.2d 606, 319 P. 2d 694 (1958); Tebo v. Robinson, 100 N.Y. 27, 2 N.E. 383 (1885); Lorenzo v. Bussin, 7 A.D.2d 731, 180 N.Y.S.2d 625 (1958); Annot., 94 A.L.R. 721 (1935); 17 Am.Jur.2d Contracts § 341 (1964). Consequently, Miss Hammond’s pleadings created an issue of fact as to whether she was to repay the loan on demand or according to her financial ability.1 Moreover, if the trier of fact were to find that she was to pay according to her financial ability, there would be a further issue of fact as to whether she presently had that financial ability.2
In view of what we have said, we reverse the judgment of the court and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
GRIMES, C. J., and BOARDMAN, J., concur. . At the time of the hearing on Mrs. Bicknell’s motion, the record did not contain an affidavit executed by her, in which she attested to the truth of the allegations in her complaint. We note, however, that the complaint made no reference to any agreement concerning the time at which repayment of the loan was to occur. Also, although Mrs. Bicknell did file a request for admissions, asking Miss Hammond to admit that she was to repay the loan on demand, Miss Hammond refused to make this admission.
. If we had adopted the minority view that a promise to pay when able creates an obligation to pay within a reasonable time, Annot., 94 A.L.R. 721 (1935), the result we have reached would not be different. There would still be issues of fact as to whether Miss Hammond promised to pay on demand or within a reasonable time, and, if the latter, what constituted a reasonable time under these circumstances.
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Sanchis v. Rosell, 569 So. 2d 833 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990)…ven the slightest doubt in this respect the judgment must be reversed.") (citations omitted); Zane v. Mav-rides, 394 So. 2d 197, 199 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981); Balter v. Pan American Bank of Hialeah, 383 So. 2d 256 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Hammond v. Bicknell, 379 So. 2d 680 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980); Wilson v. Odom, 215 So. 2d 37, 39 (Fla. 1st DCA 1968) ("modification of a contract must be supported by consideration ... and cannot be made by one party to the contract without the assent of the other party”); Casa Marina Hotel…1 / 3
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Zane v. Mavrides, 394 So. 2d 197 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981)…he creditor to prove the debtor’s ability to pay. At the time of the trial of this cause, there was no Florida authority directly on point on this issue. Since that time, the Second District Court of Appeal issued its opinion in Hammond v. Bicknell, 379 So. 2d 680 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980). Therein, the court adopted a contrary rule. We adopt the ruling of the Second District and conclude that the majority view in the country and the one we think to be the better rule is that an agreement to repay a loan when able c…
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Westerman v. Polygard, Inc., 395 So. 2d 641 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981)…deration with the rule that a court may grant summary judgment only when the pleadings, discovery and affidavits on file affirmatively demonstrate that there are no genuine issues of material fact left to be decided in the case. Hammond v. Bicknell, 379 So. 2d 680 (Fla.2d DCA 1980). Here, the affidavits and depositions of appellants indicate that they never did business with Polygard individually but only in a corporate capacity. The appellants’ assertions were not traversed by appellee. Accordingly, we r…
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- Gory Roofing Tile Mfg., Inc. v. Davison, 191 So. 2d 40 (Fla. 1966)
- Watkins DRY Wall, Inc. v. Drummond Court Corp., 373 So. 2d 719 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
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