AUGUST TOBLER, INC.
v.
GOOLSBY ET UX.

Fla. | 1953-10-16
ROBERTS, C. J., and THOMAS and DREW, JJ., concur.
67 So. 2d 537 Florida Supreme Court (1953) Caution
Cited by 18 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

August Tobler, Inc. sought to reinstate an option to purchase additional land after defaulting on a mortgage payment, arguing that equity should prevent forfeiture of the option. The Florida Supreme Court held that the option terminated by its own terms upon default and that equal equities between the parties required application of the law rather than equity's override.


Holding

The option terminated by its own terms as a matter of law upon Tobler's default, and equity will not intervene to reinstate it. The special circumstances Tobler presented—contemplating a housing project, arranging financing, and beginning construction—do not create such disproportionate equities as to warrant equity's override of the contract's plain language. Where equities are equal, the law must prevail.


Key Quotes

“any default in payment of that certain purchase money mortgage securing the sum of $25,000.00... shall terminate and invalidate said option, and said option shall become null and void and of no further force and effect.”

Establishes the explicit contractual language that made the option contingent on timely mortgage payment without default.

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Facts & Procedural History

In June 1952, the Goolsbys sold Tobler 30 acres, receiving $5,000 cash and two promissory notes totaling $25,000 secured by a mortgage on the property…

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Opinion of the Court
HOBSON, Justice.

HOBSON, Justice.

In 1952 appellees, Mr. and Mrs. Goolsby, were the owners of a tract of 215 acres of land in Broward County. In June of that year they entered an agreement with appellant, August Tobler, Incorporated, a Connecticut corporation, pursuant to which Tobler received a deed to 30 acres of the Goolsby land, and simultaneously paid $5,-000 in cash and executed two promissory notes aggregating $25,000, payment of which was secured by a mortgage on the 30 acres. The first note secured by the mortgage was payable on or before September 2, 1952. The Goolsbys also gave Tobler an option to buy the remaining 185 acres at $1,000 an acre, and this option contained the following provisions, among others:

“ * * * and if the sums of money secured by the purchase money mortgage hereinafter referred to are paid when sama become due, said option shall continue and remain in effect for a period of five years from the date hereof. * * *

“ * * * or if there should be any default in the payment of the purchase money mortgage hereinafter referred to, the remainder of said option shall terminate and become null and void and of no further force and effect.”

“(6) Anything in this Option Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, any default in payment of that certain purchase money mortgage securing the sum of $25,000.00, executed by Second Party herein, as mortgagor, to First Parties herein, as mortgagees, encumbering property in Broward County, Florida, described as: [described] shall terminate and invalidate said option, and said option shall become null and void and of no further force and effect.” (Italics supplied.)

The mortgage contained a very specific acceleration clause and the usual grace period .language had been deliberately eliminated by the parties.

The first note was not paid on the due date of September 2, 1952, and the following day the Goolsbys instituted suit to foreclose the mortgage in its full amount and for a decree declaring the option invalid according to its terms.

After process was served the Goolsbys heard from Tobler for the first time since June, 1952, when the transaction was closed, but formal tender was not made until September 8, 1952, when Tobler answered the foreclosure suit and deposited into the registry of the court $10,500 representing principal and interest on the first note. Tobler’s position then as now was that the default was caused by a simple oversight. The trial court foreclosed the mortgage for the accelerated amount and declared the option at an end. This appeal followed.

The Goolsbys’ right to foreclose the mortgage is not in question here, nor is Tobler’s right to redeem. Tobler is concerned primarily with the option agreement, contends that its termination is a forfeiture, which equity should not countenance, and asserts that the chancellor’s failure to reinstate it was error. As Tobler contends, mortgage and option were part of the same transaction. By paying, without default, the mortgage installments on the 30 acres, Tobler could have kept the option in force, and, if the election to exercise the option had been made, could have purchased the remainder of the tract. The Goolsbys, on the other hand, had a right to require compliance with the only condition upon which the continued life of the option depended: payment of the sums secured by the mortgage “when same become due”, without “default.”

Tobler places great emphasis upon the case of Forssell v. Carter, 65 Bla. 512, 62 So. 926. But this case holds no more than that where a contract for the sale of land reserves to the vendor the option, for breach of covenant, of declaring the contract terminated and all payments thereunder forfeited, he must give the vendee notice of his intention to declare the forfeiture. Absent such notice, a suit for specific performance by the vendee was successful under the circumstances of the case. In the case now before us, however, notice of dishonor having been waived by the language of the notes, the only notice which the law could have required of the Goolsbys was of their election to accelerate the debt, which was effectively accomplished by the filing of the foreclosure suit. Murray v. Stalnaker, 154 Fla. 64, 16 So. 2d 650. And the instant case does not involve the forfeiture of any sum of money. Indeed, the Goolsbys, through their counsel, offered in open court to refund Tobler’s initial payment of $5,000, but the offer was refused.

It is plain that as a matter of law the option fell with the default. But are there special equities in this case which render this result so unconscionable that the chancellor was in error in reaching it? To support the contention that this question should be answered in the affirmative, Tob-ler points out that it contemplated using the entire tract for a housing project, that it spent money in arranging for financing, and that it attempted to commence construction. But the “construction” consisted of depositing a small amount of old lumber on the land, which was done long after the default, with the property already in litigation. And it is worth noting that no benefit from this activity ever accrued to the property to make it inequitable for the Goolsbys to retain it. Cf. Highlands Home Builders, Inc., v. Marine Bank & Trust Co., Fla., 61 So. 2d 505. The equity in favor of the Goolsbys, on the other hand, is that their property, of a value of at least $215,000, was tied up for a period of three months in an active market for the comparatively small consideration of $5,000, without any suggestion from Tobler as to its intentions.

Giving Tobler the benefit of every doubt, we can say no more than that the equities here are equal and that consequently the maxim “Equity follows the law” is applicable. Although, as the writer observed in Barbash v. Barbash, Fla., 58 So. 2d 168, 171, this maxim cannot be regarded as a general principle, it was also pointed out there that only in those cases where “the equities and good conscience point unerringly toward the correctness o.f the position of one litigant and against that of the other” may equity give some flexibility to the harsh, rigid and usually inexorable principles of the common law. Where the equities are equal, the law must prevail. The picture limned by the record here is entirely different from that in the lease forfeiture cases which Tobler cites. And the facts of this case likewise differ from the situation before the court in Nevins Drug Co. v. Bunch, Fla., 63 So. 2d 329. In that case we found that the lessee had tendered payment by check before the due date of the rental payment, and that although payment was refused by the drawee bank upon presentation of the check, the evidence showed that the lessee actually had on deposit in the bank sufficient funds to cover the check.

We must agree with the learned Chancellor that the option agreement could not be reinstated after it was terminated and became null and void by its own terms upon the failure of Tobler to pay the mortgage note due September 2, 1952.

The reasonableness of attorney fees allowed by the Chancellor is contested by Tobler, but these fees were determined after a full hearing, and no error is made to appear. Other questions are raised, but we find them without merit. Under the circumstances of this case, we can but conclude that this Court has no power to rewrite the contract of the parties.

Affirmed.

ROBERTS, C. J., and THOMAS and DREW, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Suntrust Bank v. Riverside Nat'l Bank OF Fla., 792 So. 2d 1222 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
    …ut regard to established law.”); Schwartz v. Zaconick, 68 So. 2d 173 (Fla.1953) (“Equity, although not as inflexible as the law, is nevertheless administered within established limits and upon recognized principles.”); August Tobler Inc. v. Goolsby, 67 So. 2d 537 (Fla.1953) (“the equities here are equal and...consequently the maxim ‘Equity follows the law’ is applicable.”); Boley v. Daniel, 72 Fla. 121, 72 So. 644 (1916) (equity will not apply doctrine of equitable subrogation where it would deprive party of…
  • Scarfo v. Peever, 405 So. 2d 1064 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)
    …f an otherwise valid tender. I would affirm on that ground. . Peever properly pled and argued the defense of a valid tender without actual notice. . River Holding Co. v. Nickel, 62 So. 2d 702, 704 (Fla.1952). . See August Tobler, Inc. v. Goolsby, 67 So. 2d 537 (Fla.1953); Murray v. Stalnaker, 154 Fla. 64, 16 So. 2d 650 (1944); Seligmann v. Bisz, 123 Fla. 493, 167 So. 38 (1936); Van Huss v. Prudential Ins. Co., 123 Fla. 20, 165 So. 896 (1936); Liles v. Savage, 121 Fla. 83, 163 So. 399 (1935); Douglas Prope…
  • Roschman P'rs v. S.K. P'rs I., 627 So. 2d 2 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993)
    …rray of cases for every conceivable proposition marginally relevant, it places primary reliance on two cases as establishing the power of the trial judge to declare that this termination is an unenforceable forfeiture: August Tobler Inc. v. Goolsby, 67 So. 2d 537 (Fla.1953); and Blackhawk Heating & Plumbing Co. Inc. v. Data Lease Financial Corp., 302 So. 2d 404 (Fla.1974). While both of them involve option agreements, neither one of these cases will fairly bear the proposition that SK has hung on them. In G…
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