JOHN T. WEPPLER ET AL., APPELLANTS,
v.
THE SCHOOL BOARD OF DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1975-04-22
No. 74-419
Before PEARSON, HENDRY and HAVERFIELD, JJ.
311 So. 2d 409 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1975) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Non-instructional employees of the Dade County School Board sought overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act. The court affirmed dismissal of their complaint, holding that the School Board, as a state entity, enjoys sovereign immunity from such statutory claims despite federal legislation.


Holding

The School Board, as an arm of the state, enjoys sovereign immunity from suit under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Although Congress has the power to regulate commerce and extend FLSA coverage to school boards, there is no clear Congressional intent to abrogate the Board's immunity from private statutory actions for unpaid overtime. Additionally, any waiver of sovereign immunity must be raised in the complaint and appear unequivocal, and the FLSA claim arises under statute rather than contract, so Florida Statute § 230.22(4) does not constitute a clear waiver.


Headnotes

[1] A waiver of sovereign immunity must be raised in the complaint and must be unequivocal.

[2] A statutory cause of action arising under federal law, rather than a contract claim, does not necessarily constitute a waiver of sovereign immunity under state law provis…

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Key Quotes

“The policy of the Act so far as the States are concerned is wholly served by allowing the delicate federal-state relationship to be managed through the Secretary of Labor.”

Establishes the rationale for state immunity: federal policy regarding states under FLSA is adequately served through administrative enforcement by the Secretary of Labor, not private litigation.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellants were non-instructional employees of the School Board of Dade County who filed a class action seeking recovery of overtime pay under the Fai…

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Opinion of the Court
HENDRY, Judge.

HENDRY, Judge.

Appellants seek review of a final order dismissing their second amended complaint with prejudice on the grounds that the court lacks jurisdiction of the subject matter and over the person of the defendant-appellee.

This action was commenced by the appellants, non-instructional employees of the appellee, the School Board of Dade County, under the provisions of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C.A. §§ 201-219.

In substance, appellants seek recovery of overtime pay as members of a class in the amount of $5 million, plus an equal amount as liquidated damages, under Section 216(b) of the Act, together with attorney’s fees and costs.

In filing its motion to dismiss, the School Board, inter alia, contended that the court lacked jurisdiction because as an arm of the state, the Board is immune from suit under the federal legislation; and, in addition, because the Florida Constitution prohibits the expenditure of school funds for other than the support and maintenance of free public schools.

On appeal, the appellants have raised three points which essentially assert that this action seeks relief ex contractu; that all existing laws at the time and place of the contract are incorporated into its provisions including the federal law; and that under the provisions of Fla.Stat. § 230.22(4), F. S.A., sovereign immunity is waived where the School Board is sued on a contract.

From our examination of the record on appeal it is apparent that the appellants are asserting a point on appeal which is neither raised in the complaint, nor was it raised specifically in the trial court proceedings.

A waiver of sovereign immunity must be raised in the complaint, and it must appear that the waiver is unequivocal. See, Arnold v. Shumpert, Fla.1968, 217 So. 2d 116.

Moreover, it is our view that the complaint basically attempts to state a cause of action arising under statute, not under contract, and Section 230.22(4) accordingly does not constitute a clear waiver of the School Board’s immunity.

We also have read closely the opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court rendered in the case of Employees of the Department of Public Health and Welfare v. Department of Public Health and Welfare, State of Missouri, et al., 411 U.S. 279, 93 S.Ct. 1614, 36 L.Ed.2d 251 (1973).

Therein six members of the court held that the State could not be sued in a private action under the F.L.S.A. in federal court because the Eleventh Amendment of the U.S. Constitution afforded immunity to the State.

The court stated, “The policy of the Act so far as the States are concerned is wholly served by allowing the delicate federal-state relationship to be managed through the Secretary of Labor.”

The court specifically declined to reach the question of whether or not the state’s immunity is extended to the state courts under Section 216(b) of the Act.

But, we think the logic of the majority opinion is compelling in this case. We do not question the Congress’ power to regulate commerce under the F.L.S.A. and therefore to constitutionally extend coverage to the School Board under the Act; nor do we doubt the salutary purposes for enacting the F.L.S.A. See, Maryland v. Wirtz, 392 U.S. 183, 88 S.Ct. 2017, 20 L.Ed. 2d 1020 (1968).

It is our interpretation, however, that the statutory action under Section 216(b) which gives employees the right to sue their employers for unpaid overtime compensation, and an equal sum as liquidated damages, invades primarily governmental action on the part of the Board.

Traditionally, School Boards have been immune from suit in such instances, and we think there is no clear Congressional intent to abrogate the Board’s immunity in lawsuits such as the instant case.

Therefore, the order appealed is affirmed.

Affirmed.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Underwood v. The Univ. OF Ky., 390 So. 2d 433 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
    …edy, 231 So. 2d 246 (Fla. 2d DCA 1970). Absent an allegation in the complaint that the state has waived sovereign immunity, the complaint should be dismissed. See Arnold v. Shumpert, 217 So. 2d 116 (Fla.1968); Weppler v. School Board of Dade County, 311 So. 2d 409 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975). I see no reason in not granting our sister state the same presumption of immunity that we grant our own state. See Paulus v. State, 58 N.D. 643, 227 N.W. 52 (1929). . Underwood describes himself in his complaint as a citizen and…

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