RATZLAF ET AL.
v.
UNITED STATES

U.S. | 1993-04-26
No. 92-1196
507 U.S. 1050 Supreme Court of the United States (1993) Negative Treatment
Cited by 1 case
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  • Ratzlaf et ux. v. United States, 510 U.S. 135 (U.S. 1994)
    …ernment must prove he was aware of the illegality of the “structuring” in which he engaged. The Ninth Circuit upheld the trial court’s construction of the legislation and affirmed Ratzlaf’s conviction. 976 F. 2d 1280 (1992). We granted certiorari, 507 U. S. 1050 (1993), and now conclude that, to give effect to the statutory “willfulness” specification, the Government had to prove Ratzlaf knew the structuring he undertook was unlawful. We therefore reverse the judgment of the Court of Appeals. II A Congre…

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