DUNCAN ET AL.

v.

VILLAGE OF MIDDLEFIELD, OHIO

Citator

Cited By (18 total)

• Skinner v. Ry. Labor Executives' Ass'n, 489 U.S. 602 (U.S. 1989)
  …t we considered in Schmerber, should also be deemed a search, see 1 W. LaFave, Search and Seizure § 2.6(a), p. 463 (1987). See also Burnett v. Anchorage, 806 F. 2d 1447, 1449 (CA9 1986); Shoemaker v. Handel, 795 F. 2d 1136, 1141 (CA3), cert. denied, 479 U. S. 986 (1986). Unlike the blood-testing procedure at issue in Schmerber, the procedures prescribed by the FRA regulations for collecting and testing urine samples do not entail a surgical intrusion into the body. It is not disputed, however, that chemical…
• O'Connor v. Ortega, 480 U.S. 709 (U.S. 1987)
  …employees. See, e. g., Shoemaker v. Handel, 795 F. 2d 1136, 1141-1143 (CA3) (administrative-search exception extended to warrantless breath and urine testing of jockeys, given the heavily regulated nature of the horse-racing industry), cert. denied, 479 U. S. 986 (1986); National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, 649 F. Supp. 380 (ED La. 1986) (wide-scale urinalysis of United States Customs Service employees without probable cause or reasonable suspicion struck down as violative of the Fourth Amendment).…
• Musto v. Am. Gen. Corp., 861 F.2d 897 (6th Cir. 1988)
  …“crucial” one. Id. at 1193. . Cf. Bryant v. International Fruit Products Co., 793 F. 2d 118, 123 (6th Cir.) ("the handbook is not a part of the plan agreement and cannot be relied upon to modify or affect any provision of the plan_”), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 986, 107 S.Ct. 576, 93 L.Ed.2d 579 (1986). But see Edwards v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co., 851 F. 2d 134 (6th Cir.1988), holding that the trustees of a pension plan acted arbitrarily and capriciously in denying disability benefits to an employ…