GARNER

v.

UNITED STATES

Citator

Cited By

• United States v. Hathaway, 534 F.2d 386 (1st Cir. 1976)
  …ssets had to adversely affect interstate commerce.8 However, it has been consistently held that the alleged extortion need only have a de minimis effect on interstate commerce. United States v. Shackelford, 494 F. 2d 67, 75 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 934, 94 S.Ct. 2647, 41 L.Ed.2d 347 (1974); United States v. DeMet, 486 F. 2d 816, 822 (7th Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 416 U.S. 969, 94 S.Ct. 1991, 40 L.Ed.2d 558 (1974); United States v. Addonizio, supra, 451 F. 2d at 74-77; United States v. Tropiano, su…
• United States v. Craig, 522 F.2d 29 (6th Cir. 1975)
  …1917); United States v. Talbot, 470 F. 2d 158 (6th Cir. 1972), whether or not the indictment contains a formal conspiracy count. United States v. Townes, 512 F. 2d 1057 (6th Cir. 1975); United States v. Perna, 491 F. 2d 253 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 934, 94 S.Ct. 2646, 41 L.Ed.2d 237 (1974); United States v. Talbot, 470 F. 2d 158 (6th Cir. 1972). To permit consideration of hearsay, there must be sufficient independent evidence apart from the hearsay to establish a conspiracy or joint criminal vent…

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• United States v. Townes, 512 F.2d 1057 (6th Cir. 1975)
  …nd substantial evidence in the record, apart from the challenged hearsay testimony, of a criminal joint venture between the co-defendants. The hearsay testimony was therefore admissible. United States v. Perna, 491 F. 2d 253 (6th Cir.) cert. denied, 417 U.S. 934, 94 S.Ct. 2646, 41 L.Ed.2d 237 (1974); United States v. Lucido, 486 F. 2d 868 (6th Cir. 1973); United States v. Talbot, 470 F. 2d 158 (6th Cir. 1972). Appellant’s second contention is that there was insufficient evidence to justify submission of th…