NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA & NORFOLK TELEGRAPH COMPANY
v.
DOLAN, COLLECTOR OF TAXES FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF THE CITY OF WILMINGTON
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The New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk Telegraph Company challenged a Wilmington city tax on telegraph lines, arguing the statute violated the Fourteenth Amendment by imposing an arbitrary property valuation without a hearing and denying equal protection by singling out telegraph companies while other Delaware property was valued differently. The Supreme Court affirmed the state courts' judgment upholding the tax, concluding that the statute imposed a valid privilege tax on the company's use of city streets rather than a property tax, and therefore did not violate constitutional requirements.
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Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is a suit brought by the collector of taxes, the defendant in error, to recover taxes due to the City of Wilmington for the years 1913 to and through 1918. The defendant Telegraph Company, the plaintiff in error, demurred to the declaration on the ground that the statute imposing the taxes deprived it of its property without due process of law and denied to it the equal protection of the laws, contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. The demurrer was overruled and judgment was rendered for the plaintiff by the Superior Court and the judgment was affirmed by the Supreme Court of the State. 121 Atl. 18.
The statute in question is an Act of April 7, 1913, amending § 80 of the charter of the City of Wilmington. Laws 1913, c.
205. It authorizes an assessment of telegraph lines in the city at not less than six thousand six hundred dollars and not more than seven thousand three hundred dollars for each mile of the streets used. The rate of taxation on these sums is the same as that for other taxes and neither that nor the modes of determining the amount between the limits fixed is complained of. But it is argued that this is a property tax upon the company’s poles and lines, and that it fixes an arbitrary valuation upon them without giving the Company a chance to be heard at any time before the tax is levied. It is argued further that the Company is denied the equal protection of the laws when it and a few others are singled out and other Delaware property is valued on the actual facts.
The State Court met this argument by holding that the tax was a license or privilege tax and therefore not open to the objections urged. The Company answers that this is characterization of the statute, not construction, and that upon the issue of constitutionality this Court must determine the nature of the tax for itself and is not bound by the name given to it below. St. Louis Cotton Compress Co. v. Arkansas, 260 U. S. 346, 348. The proposition is true, but when the State Court after a candid discussion that manifests no disposition to escape constitutional limits, has come to the conclusion reached here, we should be slow to differ from it upon a matter having so many purely local elements, even if we did not think it right, as we do. Clyde v. Gilchrist, 262 U. S. 94, 97.
The Company is a Delaware Corporation and there is no doubt that the State may impose the present tax if it has not used a wrong form of words in doing it. It might impose it as a condition of the grant of the - franchise enjoyed by the corporation. It might authorize Wilmington to impose it for the privilege of occupying the streets. The State Court relies mainly on the latter ground. We shall not repeat the arguments of that Court drawn from the history of the legislation concerned and the fact that the last preceding form of this section was admitted to lay a privilege tax. It is enough to refer to its further argument that the valuation expressed in the act is not a valuation of the Company’s property, which the Company says is worth only about $500 a mile, but a valuation of the privilege granted. The statute does not tax by the poles, the Company’s property, but by the mile, the measure of occupation of the streets. Underground wires are worth more and are taxed less. The supposed discrimination is based upon the same grounds. Telegraph companies occupy the streets with their poles and may be required to pay for it.
Therefore we have no need to decide how far the State might go in discouraging some particular activity, if so minded, by taxes as well as by penalties. Hammond Packing Co. v. Montana, 233 U. S.
331. Neither shall we consider how far a legislature may go when it deals with specified lands. Valley Farms Co. v. Westchester, 261 U. S. 155.
Judgment affirmed.
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