EDMOND WEEKS AND TAMARA CASEY

v.

UNIVERSAL PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY

FIFTH DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL

STATE OF FLORIDA

_____________________________ Case No. 5D2023-0945 LT Case No. 2022-CC-000308 _____________________________ EDMOND WEEKS and TAMARA CASEY, Appellants, v. UNIVERSAL PROPERTY and CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellees. _____________________________ On appeal from the County Court for Citrus County. Edward C. Spaight, Judge. Barbara M. Hernando and Dean Markis, of Markis & Mullinax, P.A., Tampa, for Appellants. Paulo R. Lima and Elizabeth K. Russo, of Russo Appellate Firm, P.A., Miami, and Jayson A. Serrano, of Groelle & Salmon, P.A., Tampa, for Appellees. October 8, 2024

WALLIS, J.

Edmond Weeks and Tamara Casey (Appellants) appeal the trial court’s dismissal of their case with prejudice following their attorney’s failure to appear at a case management conference.

3 So. 3d 780, 781 (Fla. 2d DCA 2018); Herbits v. City of Miami, 197 So. 3d 575, 579 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016).1 Acree, 148 So. 3d 146 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Harrison v. Griffin, 443 So. 2d 499 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). Although Appellants did not make this argument to the trial court, we address this due process violation as a matter of fundamental error. See, e.g., Kirkpatrick Tr. v. Lakeview Loan Servs., LLC, 377 So. 3d 650, 652 (Fla. 5th DCA 2024). It was error for the trial court to sua sponte dismiss a case with prejudice without proper notice of intent to consider imposing such a sanction. See Michaels v. Johnson, 385 So. 3d 624 (Fla. 4th DCA 2024); NYC Constr. Grp., Inc. v. Jerome, 333 So. 3d 790 (Fla. 4th DCA 2022).2 1 In addition, lack of required findings is not a proper basis for relief under Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.540. Instead, Appellants should have raised this argument in an authorized and timely motion for rehearing. See Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.530(a) (“To preserve for appeal a challenge to the failure of the trial court to make required findings of fact in the final judgment, a party must raise that issue in a motion for rehearing under this rule.”).² It was also error to sua sponte dismiss Appellants’ case with prejudice, without a hearing affording Appellants the right to be heard. See, e.g., Medina v. Fla. E. Coast Ry., LLC, 866 So. 2d 89, 90 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004) (noting that dismissal as a sanction should

6 error review. While relinquishing jurisdiction is not preferred, this court is not precluded from doing so. The text of rule 9.600(b) allows appellate courts to use their discretion in relinquishing jurisdiction stating in part, “the court by order may permit the lower tribunal to proceed with specifically stated matters during the pendency of the appeal.” (emphasis added). I would argue that if the appellate court is faced with exercising its discretion to either relinquish jurisdiction to the lower court to rule on a motion that would preserve any substantive argument for appeal should that appeal still be necessary or to instead exercise its discretion to engage in sua sponte fundamental error review and find a violation of due process, it should do the former. I further question the majority’s conclusion that the error here is fundamental error. “An error is ‘fundamental’ only when it is one that ‘goes to the foundation of the case or the merits of the cause of action and is equivalent to a denial of due process.’” Washington v. State, 328 So. 3d 364, 368 (Fla. 2021) (quoting J.B. v. State, 705 So. 2d 1376, 1378 (Fla. 1998)). Notably, “[f]undamental error will be found ‘only in the rare cases where a jurisdictional error appears or where the interests of justice present a compelling demand for its application.” Monzon v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 388 So. 3d 930, 931 (Fla. 3d DCA 2024) (emphasis added) (quoting Ray v. State, 403 So. 2d 956, 960 (Fla. 1981)). The existence of an alternative path for Appellants to have their issue addressed negates any “compelling demand” for a fundamental error review. The majority notes that because the warning concerned dismissal for lack of prosecution, that any dismissal on that basis would have been without prejudice. While that observation is factually correct, it does nothing to change the inescapable conclusion that Appellants were expressly apprised that their case could be dismissed in the event of a failure to appear. Once that failure to appear occurred, the promise of the dismissal followed. While the dismissal being with prejudice instead of without prejudice no doubt constituted error, it did not constitute a due process violation necessitating a fundamental error review,² 2 If dismissal is a potential sanction for nonappearance at a case management conference, the order must notify the parties of

7 especially in light of the additional avenue of relinquishment available here. If any due process issue exists, it was one created by this court’s decision not to relinquish jurisdiction to have Appellants’ rule 1.540(b) motion heard. In conclusion, not only do Appellants argue due process without the attendant fundamental error analysis, but the only reason fundamental error review is arguably necessary is because this court did not relinquish this case to have the trial court rule on the pending rule 1.540(b) motion. Pursuant to rule 9.600(b), this court has such authority, and I would argue that authority should be exercised when the alternative is to reach the desired result via sua sponte fundamental error review. Once the trial court properly ruled on the rule 1.540(b) motion below, if a continuation of the appeal was necessary, one could have been undertaken on the arguments preserved below. Instead, the majority’s approach needlessly blurs the critical distinction such. See Luley v. Danto Builders, LLC, 373 So. 3d 640, 641 (Fla. 4th DCA 2023) (requiring a party be given notice of the court’s intention to dismiss as sanction for failure to appear). Dismissing a cause for failing to appear without such warning is a violation of a party’s due process right to notice and an opportunity to be heard. See id. The notice at issue warned Appellants that they must appear at a case management conference “to avoid having the case dismissed for lack of prosecution.” Because that warning was sufficient to put Appellants on notice that dismissal was a possibility, the majority’s reliance on Michaels v. Johnson, 385 So. 3d 624 (Fla. 4th DCA 2024), is misguided. In Michaels, the trial court’s order referring the parties to arbitration failed to contain any language that failure to comply with the order could result in dismissal or other sanctions. Id. at 625. Nine months after issuing that order, the trial court sua sponte dismissed the plaintiff’s action as a sanction for failing to comply. Id. The complete absence of any notice in Michaels strikes me as markedly different than the notice provision at issue in this case, a notice, which, again, more than adequately warned Appellants that dismissal was a possibility. Additionally, cases remarking on this point in case management conference orders are legion, but in my view, equally irrelevant.

8 between ordinary legal errors and true violations of due process. Therefore, I respectfully dissent.