IN THE INTEREST OF S.M. AND M.M., CHILDREN. R.W.M., APPELLANT,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES AND GUARDIAN AD LITEM PROGRAM, APPELLEES
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
In this parental termination case, the Florida Second District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's denial of a father's motion to set aside his deemed consent to termination based on his failure to appear at the adjudicatory hearing. The court held that the father demonstrated excusable neglect because he was told he could appear by telephone but was never called by the court, and remanded for a new adjudicatory hearing.
The father met his burden of persuasion to set aside the deemed consent to termination of parental rights. The trial court erred in denying the motion to set aside because the father demonstrated excusable neglect—he was told he could appear by telephone and remained at the jail awaiting that call, but the court never called. Additionally, the father acted with due diligence and asserted a potentially meritorious defense.
[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by finding no excusable neglect when a party's failure to appear is due to confusion over trial dates.
[2] A motion to vacate a default judgment should be liberally granted to permit a trial on the merits, as public policy favors adjudication on the merits over default.
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Florida public policy favors an adjudication on the merits over the entry of a default, and thus a properly filed motion to vacate a consent by default should be liberally granted.”
Establishes the strong policy preference for deciding cases on the merits rather than by default, especially in parental termination cases.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceR.W.M., an incarcerated father, was told by both his attorney and the trial court that he could appear by telephone at the adjudicatory hearing if he …
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Meritorious Defense cases and more on FLexlaw
Upon consideration of the motion for rehearing and clarification filed by Appel-lee, Department of Children and Families, on January 4, 2016, it is
ORDERED that Appellee’s motion for rehearing and clarification is granted. This court’s opinion dated December 18, 2015, is withdrawn, and the attached opinion is substituted therefor. No further motions for rehearing will be entertained.
In these consolidated appeals, R.W.M., the father, appeals from a final judgment terminating his parental rights and from an order denying his motion to set aside his implied consent to the termination of his parental rights derived from his failure to appear at the adjudicatory hearing. The father contends that he demonstrated excusable neglect for his failure to appear at the adjudicatory hearing and thus his motion to set aside the implied consent to terminate his parental rights should have been granted. We reverse the order denying the motion to set aside the implied consent and the underlying final judgment of termination of parental rights. In so doing, we hold that the father met his burden of persuasion to set aside the implied consent to termination. We thus remand for a new adjudicatory hearing on *1237the petition for termination of parental rights.
As background, after the father filed a notice of appeal in case number 2D14-5630, we granted his attorney’s motion to relinquish jurisdiction to hold a healing on the father’s motion to set aside his deemed consent under section 39.801(3)(d), Florida Statutes (2014). The father, who was incarcerated in various jails during the pen-dency of these proceedings, argued at the evidentiary hearing that he legitimately believed that he could appear for the final hearing.by telephone. Accordingly, even though he was transported from the Pinel-las County Jail to the Manatee County Jail so that he could attend the adjudicatory hearing in person, he refused transport to the courthouse but remained by the telephone at the jail, expecting to be telephoned when the hearing commenced. The anticipated phone call from the court never came. Meanwhile, at the courthouse, the father’s attorney represented to the court that he had advised the father that he had the option to appear at the hearing, sign a surrender, or simply not show up — in which case he would be deemed to have consented. Without further inquiry and in the absence of a motion to continue by the father’s attorney, the trial court deemed the father to have implicitly consented to the termination of his párental rights by default under section 39.801(3)(d). The father subsequently filed a motion to set aside that implied consent by default.
At the evidentiary hearing on the father’s motion to set aside the implied consent by default for failure to appear, the father testified that he did not appear at the hearing because he had been informed by his attorney and the court that he would have the option to appear by telephone if he were incarcerated at the time of the adjudicatory hearing. The trial court rejected the father’s explanation for his failure to appear, determining he had failed to demonstrate excusable neglect.
Section 39.801(3)(d) states that the “failure of [a] parent to personally appear at the adjudicatory hearing shall constitute consent for termination of parental rights.” That being said, it is axiomatic that “Florida public policy favors an adjudication on the merits over the entry of a default, and thus a properly filed motion to vacate a consent by default should be liberally granted.” T.L.D. v. Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 883 So.2d 910, 915 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004) (citing R.H. v. Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 860 So.2d 986, 988 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003)). Termination of parental rights — which are fundamental rights — by consent implicitly derived from a parent’s' failure to appear at an adjudicatory hearing is “disfavored,” See B.D. v. Dep’t of Children & Families, 46 So.3d 650, 650 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010). Where the record reflects that the parent was making a reasonable effort to appear at the scheduled hearing, the trial court should either grant a short continuance or permit the parent to appear by telephone. Id. (citing D.M. v. Dep’t of Children & Families, 921 So.2d 737 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006); B.H. v. Dep’t of Children & Families, 882 So.2d 1099, 1100-01 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004)).
A parent who moves to set aside a default bears the burden of persuasion. See T.L.D., 883 So.2d at 914. To set aside the default, the parent must “act with due diligence, demonstrate excusable neglect, and demonstrate the existence of a meritorious defense to the termination petition.” Dep’t of Children & Family Servs. v. P.E., 14 So.3d 228, 236 (Fla.2009) (quoting E.S. v. Dep’t of Children & Family Servs., 878 So.2d 493, 496 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004)).
Here, there is no challenge to the father’s diligence in moving to set aside his-*1238consent by default. Even more, the father has consistently asserted that he did not abandon his-children. Instead,' the father asserted that the mother kept the children away from him so that he could never provide support or forge a meaningful relationship with them despite his incarceration. These allegations,, if demonstrated, could conceivably form the basis for a meritorious defense to the petition alleging that the father abandoned his children and that he was an incarcerated parent with a lengthy criminal history who had not provided for his children’s care, well-being, or physical, mental, or emotional health. See § 39.806(1)(b), (d)(3), Fla. Stat. (2014). As to excusable neglect, a careful review of the record reveals that the trial court stated to the father at the advisory hearing that he would have the option to appear by telephone if he were incarcerated at the time of the adjudicatory hearing. The trial court, however, never telephoned the father, who was awaiting that call from the jail during the scheduled time of the adjudicatory hearing. It is clear on this record that the father met his burden of persuasion to set aside the consent implicitly derived from his failure to.appear at the adjudicatory hearing.
The trial court thus erred when it denied the father’s motion to set aside his implied consent to the termination of his parental rights. Accordingly, we reverse the orders on appeal and remand for a new trial on the petition for termination of parental rights. On remand, the trial court shall appoint a different attorney to represent the father in the new trial on petition for termination of parental rights.
ALTENBERND and LUCAS, JJ., Concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Authorities Cited
- Fla. Dep't OF Child. & Fam. Servs. v. P.E., 14 So. 3d 228 (Fla. 2009)
- In the Interest of A.N.D. v. Dep't of Child. & Fam. Servs., 883 So. 2d 910 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004)
- B.H., SR. v. Dep't of Child. & Families, 882 So. 2d 1099 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004)
- R.H. v. Dep't of Child. & Fam. Servs., 860 So. 2d 986 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003)
- E.S. v. Dep't of Child. & Fam. Servs., 878 So. 2d 493 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004)
- D.M. v. Dep't of Child. & Families, 921 So. 2d 737 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)
- Austin v. Crosby, 921 So. 2d 737 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006)
- B.D. v. Dep't of Child. & Families, 46 So. 3d 650 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010)
- Whittaker v. State, 46 So. 3d 650 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010)