JAMAR ANTWAN HILL, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Jamar Hill appeals his two first-degree murder convictions, arguing the trial court erred by refusing to instruct the jury on imperfect self-defense. The court affirmed the convictions, holding that Florida law does not recognize imperfect self-defense as a doctrine that reduces murder to manslaughter.
The trial court properly refused the imperfect self-defense instruction because Florida law does not recognize imperfect self-defense as a doctrine. The Florida statute requires a reasonable belief in the necessity of using deadly force, and no provision exists for reducing murder based on an unreasonable but honest belief in self-defense.
[1] A person is justified in the use of deadly force only if they reasonably believe such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm.
[2] Florida law does not recognize a doctrine of imperfect self-defense, which involves an honest but unreasonable belief in the necessity to use force.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a "person is justified in the use of deadly force only if he or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony." § 776.012, Fla. Stat. (2000)”
Establishes the statutory standard for self-defense in Florida, which requires a reasonable belief in necessity.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceHill shot and killed two victims in the back of the head. He claimed he feared they were about to kill him, but both victims were unarmed. The trial c…
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PER CURIAM.
Jamar Antwan Hill appeals his convictions on two counts of first-degree murder. The main claim is that the trial court erred by refusing to grant the defense’s request for a jury instruction on imperfect self-defense. We find no error and affirm.
Defendant-appellant Hill contended that he had shot and killed both of the victims because he feared they were about to kill him. He shot both in the back of the head. Both men turned out to be unarmed. The jury was given the standard jury instruction on self-defense. By statute, a “person is justified in the use of deadly force only if he or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony.” § 776.012, Fla. Stat. (2000)1 (emphasis added).
The defendant also requested an instruction on imperfect self-defense. Imperfect self-defense is “[t]he use of force by one who makes an honest but unreasonable mistake that force is necessary to repel an attack.” Black’s Law Dictionary 1390 (8th ed. 2004).
The defendant relied on a California jury instruction regarding imperfect self-defense. Under California law, “Where that fear [of imminent peril] is unreasonable (but nevertheless genuine), it reduces the crime from murder to voluntary manslaughter — a doctrine known as ‘imperfect self-defense.’ ” Middleton v. McNeil, 541 U.S. 433, 434, 124 S.Ct. 1830, 158 L.Ed.2d 701 (2004). The defendant asked the trial court to give the California instruction quoted in Middleton.
We conclude that the requested instruction is contrary to the Florida statute, which requires a reasonable belief in the necessity to use deadly force. The Florida statute does not contain a provision on imperfect self-defense. The trial court correctly rejected the defense request. See Hernandez v. State, 842 So. 2d 1049, 1051 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003); Johnson v. State, 718 So. 2d 848, 849-50 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998); Reimel v. State, 532 So. 2d 16, 18 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988). See generally Wayne R. LaFave, Substantive Criminal Law § 10.4(i) (2d ed. 2003).
We reject the remaining point on appeal on authority of Smiley v. State, 966 So. 2d 330 (Fla.2007).
Affirmed.
. The crime date was December 11, 2000.
. The requested jury instruction stated:
The specific intent for manslaughter, as opposed to murder, may arise from the following circumstance:
An honest but unreasonable belief in the necessity to defend oneself against imminent peril to life or great bodily injury. That would be imperfect self-defense.
To establish that a killing is murder and not manslaughter, the burden is on the State to prove beyond a reasonable doubt each of the elements of murder and that the act which caused the death was not done ... in the honest, even though unreasonable, belief in the necessity to defend against imminent peril to life or to great bodily injury.
A person, who kills another person in the actual but unreasonable belief in the necessity to defend against imminent peril to life or great bodily injury, kills unlawfully, but is not guilty of murder. This would be so even though a reasonable person in the same situation, seeing and knowing the same facts, would not have had the same belief. Such an actual but unreasonable belief is not a defense to the crime of voluntary manslaughter. An "imminent” peril is one that is apparent, present, immediate and must be instantly dealt with, or must so appear at the time to the slayer.
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Citator
Cited By
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Patrick v. State, 104 So. 3d 1046 (Fla. 2012)…) he had experienced childhood sexual abuse and exploitation (some weight); and (16) he had some mental health history as discussed in number 14 (little weight). . Additionally, Florida does not recognize imperfect self-defense. See Hill v. State, 979 So. 2d 1134, 1135 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008) ("The [*1057] Florida [murder] statute does not contain a provision on imperfect self-defense.”) . As this Court has recognized, "Direct evidence is that to which the witness testifies of his own knowledge as to the facts a…
Authorities Cited
- Smiley v. State, 966 So. 2d 330 (Fla. 2007)
- Rector v. State, 532 So. 2d 16 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
- Middleton v. McNEIL, 541 U.S. 433 (U.S. 2004)
- Hernandez v. State, 842 So. 2d 1049 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
- Johnson v. State, 718 So. 2d 848 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998)