A. L. MOORE, D/B/A HUMPTY DUMPTY RESTAURANT, APPELLANT,
v.
GENERAL CASUALTY COMPANY OF AMERICA, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, APPELLEE
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An insurance company refused to pay a burglary claim for contents stolen from a locked safe, arguing the policyholder failed to prove the safe was opened by force leaving visible marks as required by the policy. The Florida Supreme Court affirmed the summary judgment for the insurer, holding that circumstantial evidence and inferences cannot satisfy the policy's explicit requirement of visible force marks on the safe.
The court held that the plaintiff failed to prove the policy conditions were satisfied. While the circumstances allowed inference that the premises were feloniously entered and the safe was taken, inferring that the safe was opened by force leaving visible marks would constitute impermissible speculation under the standard established in Voelker v. Combined Insurance Co. of America.
“in the ordinary case inference could not be pyramided upon inference to bring the factual situation within the terms of the policy”
Establishes the governing standard for circumstantial evidence in insurance policy claims, prohibiting multiple layers of inference.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDuring the night of June 29, 1954, burglars forcibly entered the plaintiff's office premises and removed a locked safe containing cash and securities.…
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HOBSON, Justice.
Plaintiff prosecutes this appeal from a summary final judgment for defendant, entered upon stipulated facts.
Defendant had insured the contents of plaintiff’s safe under a special burglary and robbery policy which read, in pertinent part as follows:
“Insuring Agreements
“ * * * III. Safe Burglary. To indemnify the insured:
“ (a) For all loss of such property occasioned by Safe Burglary which shall mean the felonious abstraction of such property from within a safe or vault in such premises, or while located elsewhere after removal therefrom by burglars, by any person or persons making felonious entry into the safe and also into the vault, if any, containing the safe, when the doors thereof are duly closed, and locked by at least one combination or time lock thereon; provided that such entry shall be made by actual force and violence of which there shall be visible marks made by tools, explosives, electricity, gas or other chemicals, upon the exterior of (a) said doors of the safe and of the vault, if any, containing the safe, if entry is made through such doors, or (b) the top, bottom or walls of the safe and of the vault, through which entry is made, if not made through such doors.”
During the night-time on June 29, 1954, a person or persons unknown entered plaintiff’s premises and removed therefrom the plaintiff’s safe which contained cash and certain securities. Entry to the premises was made by forcibly opening doors leading to the office where the safe was situated. The safe door was closed and locked and was equipped with combination time locks as was required under the policy. The safe has not been recovered.
Thereafter, plaintiff submitted a sworn proof of loss demanding that he be paid $609.95, said sum representing the cash and securities contained in the safe to gether with the value of the safe. Defendant refused to pay this claim, contending that under the insurance agreement the plaintiff had failed to prove that entry to the safe was made by force and violence, leaving visible marks. Upon these facts, the summary judgment appealed from was entered.
Appellant contends that the trial court’s disposition of the case was in error, but states that diligent search has produced no cases wherein the proof required under the insurance agreement quoted above was discussed. It is not contended that the policy provision in question is ambiguous, but it appears to be argued that the conditions of the policy provision have been substantially satisfied.
We had occasion to consider a similar contention in Voelker v. Combined Insurance Co. of America, Fla., 73 So. 2d 403. In that case, the plaintiff relied wholly upon circumstantial evidence in an attempt to recover under an insurance policy. We discussed in some detail the standard of proof required, and we held that in the ordinary case inference could not be pyramided upon inference to bring the factual situation within the terms of the policy. In the instant case, we must infer from the circumstances that the plaintiff’s premises were feloniously entered, by force and violence, and that the crime there committed amounts to burglary, the safe having been carried off. We may also infer that the felons who took the safe would open it, but under the Voelker case, supra, we would enter the forbidden realm of speculation if we were to infer that the opening of the safe left marks upon it, which would bring the case within the terms of the policy. We would also be speculating if we were to say that the safe could not have been opened without leaving marks. We, therefore, are constrained to hold that no error in the ruling of the court below is made to appear. Accordingly, the judgment appealed from must be, and it is hereby,
Affirmed.
DREW, C. J., and TERRELL and THORNAL, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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The Exhibitor, Inc. v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 494 So. 2d 288 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986)…eries of cases involving safe burglaries in which coverage for losses was denied as the insured failed to show that physical or visible marks of forcible entry by various tools or devices were present on the safes. See Moore v. General Casualty Co., 91 So. 2d 341 (Fla.1956); Rosie O’Grady's Warehouse, Inc. v. Charter Oak Fire Insurance Co., 319 So. 2d 632 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975). However, those cases are distinguishable. First, the language of the policies in those cases made the presence of such visible physica…
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Rosie O'Grady's Warehouse, Inc. v. The Charter OAK Fire Ins. Co., 319 So. 2d 632 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975)…we cannot sustain coverage if we give effect to the policy requirements that the felonious entry into the safe be made by actual force and violence, of which there are visible marks on all doors of the safe. In Moore v. General Cas. Co. of America, 91 So. 2d 341 (Fla.1956), coverage was denied under a similar insuring agreement when entry to the premises was made by force and the safe itself was stolen. The taking of appellants’ safe as in Moore would have resulted in a loss covered by the policy now before…
Authorities Cited
- Voelker v. Combined Ins. Co. of Am., 73 So. 2d 403 (Fla. 1954)