MEL FIRSHER, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2003-01-15
No. 3D02-30
Before COPE, GERSTEN and FLETCHER, JJ.
834 So. 2d 921 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2003) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Mel Firsher appeals the denial of his motion for postconviction relief, arguing that the trial court erred by failing to instruct the jury on attempted manslaughter as a lesser-included offense. The appellate court affirmed the denial but remanded for correction of a scrivener's error in the judgment regarding the felony degree of the conviction.


Holding

The court affirmed the denial of postconviction relief, holding that the omission of the attempted manslaughter instruction was not error because defense counsel requested the aggravated battery charge during an off-the-record charge conference, which constituted a valid waiver under Armstrong v. State. Additionally, the jury was given a permissible lesser-included offense (aggravated battery) that provided the opportunity for jury leniency, satisfying the purposes of the lesser-included offense rule.


Headnotes

[1] Failure to instruct the jury on the next immediate lesser-included offense is per se reversible error, unless an exception applies.

[2] A defendant may waive the right to an instruction on a category 1 lesser included offense by failing to object when defense counsel requests or relies on a different char…

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Key Quotes

“the failure to instruct on the next immediate lesser-included offense (one step removed) constitutes error that is per se reversible”

Establishes the general rule regarding lesser-included offense instructions that the defendant relies on

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Facts & Procedural History

Firsher was convicted of attempted second degree murder with a firearm. His direct appeal was affirmed in a prior decision. He filed a motion for post…

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Opinion of the Court
COPE, J.

COPE, J.

Mel Firsher appeals an order denying his motion for postconviction relief under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850. We affirm but remand for correction of a scrivener’s error in the judgment.

Defendant-appellant Firsher was convicted of attempted second degree murder with a firearm. His conviction was affirmed on direct appeal. Firsher v. State, 770 So. 2d 1267 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000).

The defendant filed a motion for post-conviction relief under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850. The court granted the motion in part and resen-tenced the defendant. The court denied the balance of the Rule 3.850 motion. The defendant has appealed.

The defendant contends that he is entitled to a new trial because the jury was not instructed on attempted manslaughter. The offense of attempted manslaughter is a necessarily lesser included offense (category 1) of attempted second degree murder, the charged offense.

As a general rule, “the failure to instruct on the next immediate lesser-included offense (one step removed) constitutes error that is per se reversible.” State v. Abreau, 363 So. 2d 1063, 1064 (Fla.1978); Roberts v. State, 694 So. 2d 825, 826 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997).

There are, however, exceptions to this rule. In an analogous context, the Florida Supreme Court has said that

“it is not fundamental error to convict a defendant under an erroneous lesser included charge when he had an opportunity to object to the charge and failed to do so if: 1) the improperly charged offense is lesser in degree and penalty than the main offense or 2) defense counsel requested the improper charge or relied on that charge as evidenced by argument to the jury or other affirmative action. Failure to timely object precludes relief from such a conviction.”

Armstrong v. State, 579 So. 2d 734, 735 (Fla.1991) (quoting Ray v. State, 403 So. 2d 956, 961 (Fla.1981)) (emphasis supplied in Armstrong).

The exception applies here. The transcript indicates that the charge conference was held off the record. When the parties went back on the record, the court stated it was “going to give aggravated battery which [is] the one you have asked for Mr. Mastos [defense counsel] .... ” (Tr. 257, see also Tr. 297). This is sufficient under Armstrong and Ray to waive the category 1 lesser included offense. No personal, on-the-record waiver by the defendant is required in a noncapital case. Armstrong, 579 So. 2d at 735 n. 1.

The defendant argues alternatively that his defense counsel was ineffective for failing to request the category 1 lesser included offense, or object to its omission. Again, we disagree.

The purpose of requiring an instruction on the category 1 lesser included offense one step removed from the charged offense is to allow the jury “a fair opportunity to exercise its inherent ‘pardon’ power by returning a verdict of guilty as to the next lower crime.” State v. Abreau, 363 So. 2d at 1064. In this case, the jury was given that opportunity.

Second degree murder with a firearm is a first degree felony. The jury was instructed on the permissive lesser included offense of aggravated battery with a firearm, which is a second degree felony. § 784.045(l)(a)2„ Fla. Stat. (1997).1 The omitted instruction, attempted manslaughter with a firearm, is likewise a second degree felony. Id. §§ 782.07(1), 777.04, 775.087(1). There was no ineffectiveness, because the jury was given the opportunity to grant a jury pardon.2

We find no merit in the defendant’s remaining claims on appeal. We therefore affirm the trial court’s order. The parties agree, however, that there is a scrivener’s error in the judgment. The judgment states that the offense at conviction, attempted second degree murder with a firearm, is a second degree felony. In reality, it is a first degree felony. See §§ 782.04(2), 777.04, 775.087(1), Fla. Stat. (1997). The defendant need not be present.

Affirmed; remanded for correction of judgment.

. The crime date was January 24, 1999.

. The defendant's defense at trial was that he shot the store owner by accident during an altercation, and had not intended to shoot the store owner at all. The jury was instructed on justifiable and excusable homicide.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Kendrick C. Silver v. State, 149 So. 3d 54 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014)
    …defendant, a trial court’s failure to instruct on a neeessarily-lesser included offense in a non-capital case does not constitute fundamental error.” Cosme, 89 So. 3d at 1097. Our sister court has reached a similar conclusion. In Firsher v. State, 834 So. 2d 921, 922 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003), the defendant was charged with attempted second degree murder. The jury was not instructed on the category 1 lesser included offense, attempted manslaughter; instead, as in the instant case, defense counsel requested an inst…
  • Roberts v. State, 168 So. 3d 252 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015)
    …89 So. 3d 1096, 1097 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (failure to instruct on attempted voluntary manslaughter as a necessarily lesser-included offense one step removed was not fundamental error where counsel failed to request the instruction); Firsher v. State, 834 So. 2d 921, 922 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003) (finding the failure to instruct on manslaughter as a necessarily lesser-included offense one step removed did not require reversal because counsel waived the issue by failing to request the instruction). In summation, appel…
  • Harris v. State, 935 So. 2d 1259 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)
    …hat a trial judge must give a requested instruction on a necessarily lesser included offense is bottomed upon a recognition of the jury's right to exercise its 'pardon power.' "); State v. Baker, 456 So. 2d 419 (Fla.1984); see also Firsher v. State, 834 So. 2d 921 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 859 So. 2d 514 (Fla.2003); Mosley v. State, 482 So. 2d 530, 531-32 (Fla. 1st DCA) ("It is only because the Supreme Court of Florida has adopted the phenomenon of the 'jury pardon' as part of the jurisprudence of our Sta…

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