CYNTHIA NICHOLS AND THE ESTATE OF LILA NICHOLS, APPELLANTS/CROSS-APPELLEES,
v.
THE HARTFORD INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE MIDWEST, FOR ITSELF AND ON BEHALF OF WILLIE BRADHAM, LILLIE BRADHAM AND CEDRICK FRASIER, APPELLEES/CROSS-APPELLANTS
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Appellants Nichols were injured in a motor vehicle accident and their attorney demanded settlement at policy limits with a strict deadline. After Hartford agreed and tendered checks with releases, Nichols rejected the releases due to indemnification language requiring them to indemnify Hartford. The court reversed summary judgment, holding that the parties never reached a binding settlement agreement because they failed to meet of the minds on the essential term of the indemnification clause.
The court held that no binding settlement agreement existed because the parties failed to meet of the minds on the essential term of indemnification language in the releases. Indemnification language in a release is an essential term when parties explicitly dispute it, and failure to agree on such language prevents formation of a contract.
[1] A settlement agreement is governed by the law of contracts, requiring an acceptance that is absolute, unconditional, identical with the offer's terms, and made within the…
[2] An acceptance of an offer must contain an assent to the essential terms contained in the offer, signifying a meeting of the minds.
Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the acceptance of an offer which results in an enforceable agreement must be (1) absolute and unconditional; (2) identical with the terms of the offer; and (3) in the mode, at the place, and within the time expressly or impliedly stated within the offer”
Establishes the three requirements for valid contract acceptance under Florida law that apply to settlement agreements
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceCynthia and Lila Nichols were injured when their vehicle was struck by a vehicle insured by Hartford. Their attorney sent demand letters offering to s…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Essential Terms Of A Contract cases and more on FLexlaw
WOLF, J.
Appellants/Cross-Appellees, Lila and Cynthia Nichols, were injured when their motor vehicle was struck by a vehicle insured by The Hartford Insurance Company of the Midwest (“The Hartford”). The Nichols’ attorney submitted demand letters on their behalf to The Hartford which stated in relevant part,
We will accept the policy limits should our law firm receive those funds by 5:00 p.m. on Friday, August 25, 2000, unless accepted prior thereto in writing. This offer is subject to written verification that the available policy limits are in fact $10,000. Should our law firm not receive those funds by 5:00 p.m. on Friday, August 25, 2000, our offer to resolve this case for the policy limits will be withdrawn and we shall proceed accordingly-1
(Emphasis in original.)
The Hartford responded by letter, agreeing to send checks for the policy limits with written releases by the dates specified in the demand letters. Accordingly, The Hartford sent the settlement checks and releases within the specified time frame. Upon receipt, however, Appellants’ attorney objected to indemnification language in the releases which required his clients to indemnify The Hartford for any future litigation arising out of the accident or their claims. Appellants returned the settlement checks to The Hartford with a letter rejecting the indemnification language in the releases:
We could never agree on behalf of our client, nor advise our client, “to release and hold harmless” an insurance company, such as The Hartford Insurance Company, from any liens of any nature. Nor could we ever agree on behalf of our client, nor advise our client, to indemnify an insurance company such as The Hartford Insurance Company (and all of its employees and others) from all further claims and demands of any kind.
The Hartford responded by submitting releases without the objectionable language.
When the Appellants did not respond to the new releases, The Hartford filed a declaratory action to enforce the settlement agreements between the parties. The trial court entered an order granting summary judgment in favor of The Hartford. Thereafter, The Hartford moved for an award of attorney’s fees pursuant to section 57.105, Florida Statutes (1999), which the trial court denied. On direct appeal, the Nichols argue that there was no meeting of the minds and, therefore, no settlement agreement; on cross-appeal, The Hartford argues that the trial court erred in denying its motion for attorney’s fees.
In Florida, settlement agreements are governed by the law of contracts. See Williams v. Ingram, 605 So. 2d 890, 893 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992). Pursuant to contract law, the acceptance 'of an offer which results in an enforceable agreement must be (1) absolute and unconditional; (2) identical with the terms of the offer; and (3) in the mode, at the place, and within the time expressly or impliedly stated within the offer. Cheverie v. Geisser, 783 So. 2d 1115, 1119 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001). Thus, an acceptance must contain an assent — or meeting of the minds — to the essential terms contained in the offer. Id. Here, the parties agree that the material facts are undisputed, and they conceded at oral argument that although it was implicit in the settlement agreement that the Appellants would execute releases, there was no meeting of the minds as to whether indemnification language would be included in those releases. The issue before us is whether this disagreement between the parties as to the indemnification language was an essential term of the settlement. We agree with the Appellants and find that it was.
. The definition of “essential term” varies widely according to the nature and complexity of each transaction and is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. See Dimase v. Aquamar 176, Inc., 835 So. 2d 1150 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002); see also Giovo v. McDonald, 791 So. 2d 38, 39 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) (“Certainly, what is an ‘essential term’ of a contract differs according to circumstances.”). Although all the details of a release do not need to be absolutely decided as long as the parties agree on the essential terms, see Robbie v. City of Miami, 469 So. 2d 1384 (Fla.1985) (noting settlement agreement is enforceable even though the agreement fails to anticipate every contingency), the indemnification clause in this case was an essential term.
In Cheverie, the claimant’s husband was killed in an automobile accident, and claimant had filed a wrongful death action. The trial court dismissed the complaint, finding the parties had reached a settlement agreement despite the fact that the parties had not agreed on the indemnification language in the release. The appellate court reversed, finding there was no meeting of the minds, and therefore, no settlement agreement:
Here, there was no evidence of acceptance on [ ] crucial terms. [P]laintiff did not agree to the indemnification language in the release defendant presented for her execution. Plaintiff immediately raised an objection to the proposed release after receiving it and demanded its removal. However, this issue was not resolved before suit was filed. Where the language of a release is disputed and the parties fail to reach an agreement as to the character, nature, or type of release to be used, an essential element of the agreement is not established.
Id. at 1119. See also Long Term Management, Inc. v. University Nursing Care Center, 704 So. 2d 669, 675 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998) (“UNCC’s counsel called with objections to an indemnification clause.... These circumstances do not show the requisite meeting of the minds.... ”). Therefore, the trial court should have denied The Hartford’s motion for summary judgment on their settlement enforcement claims and should have granted the Nichols’ motion for summary judgment on the defense that there was no meeting of the minds.
The Hartford argues that the “tender” of the check within the time limits constituted completion of the settlement agreement despite the fact that the parties were in disagreement about the indemnification language. Appellees conceded at oral argument, however, that appellants’ attorney was not free to cash the check until the terms of the release had been agreed to. Therefore, no settlement could have existed at that time.
The Hartford also argues that Appellants’ failure to respond after the objectionable language was removed from the releases indicated acceptance. However, The Hartford’s removal of the indemnification language evinced a new settlement offer which the Nichols were not obliged to accept. See Ribich v. Evergreen Sales & Service, Inc., 784 So. 2d 1201 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001) (reversing summary judgment based on holding that there was no meeting of the minds and, therefore, no settlement agreement where insured had returned insurer’s tendered check and thereby rejected any counteroffer by insurer); see also, Mazzoni Farms, Inc. v. E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Co., 761 So. 2d 306 (Fla.2000) (analyzing specific language in release to determine the ultimate rights and potential liabilities of the parties).
We reverse the trial court’s granting of The Hartford’s motion for summary judgment for proceedings consistent with this opinion. Accordingly, the trial court’s denial of The Hartford’s motion for attorneys’ fees pursuant to section 57.105, Florida Statutes (1999), is affirmed.
REVERSED IN PART, AFFIRMED IN PART.
VAN NORTWICK and POLSTON, JJ„ concur. . The letter sent on behalf of Lila Nichols demanded the policy limits be received no later than 5:00 p.m. on September 15, 2000.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (22 total)
-
Berges v. Infinity Ins. Co., 896 So. 2d 665 (Fla. 2004)…o. 2d at 508-09. The parties could not, however, consistent both with Florida law and with Infinity’s obligations to the insured, officially consummate the settlement until the court papers were complete. See Nichols v. Hartford Ins. Co. of Midwest, 834 So. 2d 217, 220 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002) (concluding that an insurer’s tendering of a check did not complete the settlement because the motorists’ attorney was not authorized to cash the' check until the terms of release were agreed to; therefore, no settlement agr…
-
Trout v. Apicella, 78 So. 3d 681 (Fla. 5th DCA 2012)…trial court found that Geico properly accepted Trout’s offer in its November 10th response. Both parties are in agreement that, in Florida, settlement agreements are governed by the law of contracts. See Nichols v. Hartford Ins. Co. of the Midwest, 834 So. 2d 217, 219 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002); Williams v. Ingram, 605 So. 2d 890, 893 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992). It is basic to Florida contract law that the acceptance of an offer that results in an enforceable agreement must be (1) absolute and unconditional; (2) identical…
-
Bonagura v. Home Depot and Sedgwick, 991 So. 2d 902 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008)…ideline attorney’s fee. The JCC required the parties to exchange and execute “the necessary paperwork to comply with this Order.” “In Florida, settlement agreements are governed by the law of contracts.” Nichols v. Hartford Ins. Co. of the Midwest, 834 So. 2d 217, 219 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002). “[W]hether an agreement constitutes a valid contract is a matter of law subject to de novo review.” Munroe v. U.S. Food Serv., 985 So. 2d 654 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008). Applying the law of contracts, the JCC, as the fact-finder,…
Previewing 3 of 22 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Robbie v. City OF Miami, 469 So. 2d 1384 (Fla. 1985)
- Mazzoni Farms, Inc. v. E.I. DuPONT DE Nemours & Co., 761 So. 2d 306 (Fla. 2000)
- Williams v. Ingram, 605 So. 2d 890 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992)
- Solanje Cheverie v. Geisser, 783 So. 2d 1115 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
- Long Term Mgmt., Inc. v. Univ. Nursing Care Ctr., Inc., 704 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997)
- Giovo v. McDONALD, 791 So. 2d 38 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
- Ribich v. Evergreen Sales & Serv., Inc., 784 So. 2d 1201 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
- DiMASE v. Aquamar 176, Inc., 835 So. 2d 1150 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002)