CORNELL HORSLEY, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Cornell Horsley was arrested without a warrant for possessing an open container of alcohol based on information radioed by another officer who had seen him carrying a wrapped bottle. The court reversed the denial of his suppression motion, holding that neither officer actually observed Horsley committing the offense and the collective knowledge of both officers provided only mere suspicion, not probable cause.
The court reversed and held that the arrest was unsupported by probable cause because neither officer actually observed Horsley committing the offense. The 'fellow officer' rule does not apply where neither officer witnessed the violation, and the collective knowledge of both officers provided only mere suspicion, not probable cause. Constructive possession could not be inferred where the container was ten feet away in a public, accessible area.
[1] A warrantless arrest for a violation of a municipal ordinance is unlawful if the arresting officer does not personally observe the violation.
[2] The "fellow officer" rule allows an arresting officer to rely on information from other officers to establish probable cause, but does not override the requirement that t…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“an officer may arrest a person without a warrant for violation of a municipal ordinance committed 'in the presence of the officer.' An arrest for the ... violation of a municipal or county ordinance shall be made immediately or in fresh pursuit.”
Establishes the statutory requirement for warrantless arrest in municipal ordinance cases under Florida law
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceSergeant Lightfield observed Horsley carrying a bottle wrapped in a brown paper bag from five or six feet away but could not read the label or confirm…
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CASANUEVA, Judge.
Cornell Horsley appeals the denial of his motion to suppress, alleging his warrant-less arrest was without probable cause or a reasonable suspicion. We concur and reverse.
Cornell Horsley, standing near the walk-up window of a take-out restaurant in St. Petersburg, was arrested for violation of a municipal ordinance banning the possession of open containers of alcoholic beverages. A police officer found an open bottle of beer on the ground ten feet away from Mr. Horsley in this public area. We reverse on the ground that no police officer observed Mr. Horsley actually committing a misdemeanor in his presence. The fruit of the search incident to the arrest-two rocks of crack cocaine-should have been suppressed.
Two officers were instrumental in Mr. Horsley’s arrest. The events began when Sergeant Lightfield, riding in an unmarked car, spotted Mr. Horsley carrying a bottle wrapped in a brown paper bag as he walked along the sidewalk. Sergeant Lightfield, from a distance of five or six feet, could see that the object was a bottle with a label, but he could not discern what was written on the label or whether the bottle contained any liquid. His experi ence led him to conclude that the bottle contained beer or malt liquor. Sergeant Lightfield then radioed all of this information, including a description of the “suspect,” to a nearby uniformed officer. Officer Herron, the recipient of the dispatch, discovered Mr. Horsley within a minute outside a business known as the Snow Peak. Mr. Horsley, who stated that he was ordering food from the window, was not carrying a bottle of any kind, but Officer Herron found an open container of Colt 45 malt liquor on the ground ten feet away. He then arrested Mr. Horsley for possessing an open container of alcohol, a violation of a municipal ordinance.1
According to section 901.15(1), Florida Statutes (1997), an officer may arrest a person without a warrant for violation of a municipal ordinance committed “in the presence of the officer. An arrest for the ... violation of a municipal or county ordinance shall be made immediately or in fresh pursuit.” The courts have strictly construed the “presence of the officer” language, requiring that the arresting officer actually see or otherwise detect by his senses that the person has violated the ordinance. See Malone v. Howell, 140 Fla. 693, 192 So. 224 (1939); Peterson v. State, 578 So. 2d 749 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991); Steiner v. State, 690 So. 2d 706 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997).
In this case, however, the State has urged that the observations of Sergeant Lightfield may be imputed to Officer Her-ron under the “fellow officer” rule, which “allows an arresting officer to assume probable cause to arrest a suspect from information supplied by other officers.” Voorhees v. State, 699 So. 2d 602 (Fla.1997). The collective knowledge of the two officers, according to the State, provided probable cause for the arrest of Mr. Hors-ley.
Although the general proposition advanced by the State is true and operative in the context of arrests for misdemeanors, see State v. Eldridge, 565 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990), we must reject the State’s argument because neither Officer Light-field nor Officer Herron actually observed Mr. Horsley committing an open container violation. Sergeant Lightfield did not know what the label stated nor whether the bottle contained alcohol; Officer Her-ron did not see Mr. Horsley carrying the container. Furthermore, we decline to hold that Mr. Horsley constructively possessed the container, found ten feet away, because the area was open and accessible to the public. Although Officer Herron stated that no other person was nearby when he arrested the defendant, both officers described the area as normally busy, where people tended to congregate and where businesses sold food and beverages. All of the circumstances in the officers’ collective knowledge provided only a mere suspicion that Mr. Horsley possessed an open container of alcohol. Accordingly, we reverse the court’s denial of the motion to suppress and vacate the judgment and order of probation.
PARKER, C.J., and GREEN, J., Concur. . Although the parties have not provided this court with the ordinance that Mr. Horsley allegedly violated, the appellant's attorney verified that such an ordinance does exist. No challenge to this ordinance has been raised in this appeal.
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B.D.K. v. State, 743 So. 2d 1155 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)…ellow officer rule.” This rule allows an arresting officer to assume probable cause to arrest a suspect based on information supplied by fellow officers. The “fellow officer rule” applies to misdemeanors as well as to felonies. See Horsley v. State, 734 So. 2d 525 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). However, in this case we conclude that the “fellow officer rule” is inapplicable. Section 901.15(1), Florida Statutes (1997), states that a law enforcement officer may arrest a person without a warrant when he or she has committe…
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State v. Boatman, 901 So. 2d 222 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005)…ense or within hot pursuit. Although it was not germane to the dispositive issue in the case, we noted, “The ‘fellow officer rule’ applies to misdemeanors as well as to felonies.” Id. at 1157. In support of that statement, we cited Horsley v. State, 734 So. 2d 525 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999), in which we held that the collective observations of two officers did not provide the officers with sufficient information to arrest the defendant for violating a municipal ordinance, but noted that we agreed with the State’s gen…
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Sawyer v. State, 905 So. 2d 232 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005)…einer v. State, 690 So. 2d 706, 708 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) (citing §§ 316.645, 901.15(1), Fla. Stat. (1993), and State v. Eldridge, 565 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)). The third circumstance is also called the fellow officer rule. See Horsley v. State, 734 So. 2d 525, 526 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). Here, the arresting officer never observed Sawyer in control of a vehicle, and there was no accident. The circuit court incorrectly applied the fellow officer rule to the information supplied by the two citizen informants.…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Voorhees v. State, 699 So. 2d 602 (Fla. 1997)
- Ada Malone v. Howell, 140 Fla. 693 (Fla. 1939)
- State v. Eldridge, 565 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)
- Steiner v. State, 690 So. 2d 706 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
- Peterson v. State, 578 So. 2d 749 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991)