STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, APPELLANT,
v.
FLEET CREDIT CORPORATION, BETTY BURNS, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS TRUSTEE OF THE PAULINE P. BURNS TRUST-JAMES ALLAN BURNS FAMILY SHARE; LUCILLE S. BURNS, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS TRUSTEE OF THE PAULINE P. BURNS TRUST-THOMAS P. BURNS FAMILY SHARE; PATTI BURNS; LYNN GLOVER; BRENT LEE GLOVER; TARA LYNN GLOVER; SHELDON GOLDING AS TRUSTEE OF THE PAULINE P. BURNS TRUST-ROBERT M. BURNS FAMILY SHARE; ELENOR B. BURNS; ROBERT M. BURNS, JR.; SUZANNE B. BROWN; MICHAEL P. BURNS; PAULINE LINDSTROM (FORMERLY PAULINE J. BURNS); WILLIAM BURNS; MARIANNE O'CONNELL (FORMERLY KNOWN AS MARIANNE E. BURNS); MICHAEL ROBERT HINES, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1997-03-12
No. 96-0455
FARMER and KLEIN, JJ., concur.
691 So. 2d 512 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1997) Caution
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection sued Fleet Credit Corporation for contaminating groundwater through hazardous substance disposal in the 1980s. The trial court dismissed the action on statute of limitations grounds, but the appellate court reversed, holding that in environmental contamination cases, the statute of limitations begins when the ongoing contamination ceases, not when the initial disposal occurred.


Holding

The statute of limitations in environmental contamination cases begins to run when the ongoing wrongful invasion of rights ceases, not when the initial disposal of wastes occurred. Summary judgment was inappropriate because Fleet failed to controvert the evidence of continuing contamination, and the burden was on Fleet to prove the statute of limitations defense.


Headnotes

[1] The statute of limitations begins to run when the last element of a cause of action accrues.

[2] In environmental litigation involving continuing contamination, the statute of limitations does not begin to run until the wrongful invasion of rights that constitutes th…

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Key Quotes

“It is well-settled that the statute of limitations begins to run when the last element of a cause of action accrues.”

Establishes the general rule for when statutes of limitations begin, which the court then applies to the environmental context.

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Facts & Procedural History

Fleet disposed of hazardous substances on commercial property in the 1980s, causing continuing groundwater contamination. The DEP filed a complaint al…

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Opinion of the Court
GUNTHER, Chief Judge.

GUNTHER, Chief Judge.

Appellant, Florida’s Department of Environmental Protection (“DEP”), filed a complaint against Appellee, Fleet Credit Corporation (“Fleet”), alleging that Fleet was responsible for continuing injury to groundwater caused by the current seepage of hazardous substances disposed and discharged on commercial property in the 1980s. The DEP sought investigative costs, damages, civil fines, and an injunc tion requiring Fleet to assess the level of groundwater contamination and abate the existing hazard. Fleet moved for summary judgment, arguing that the statute of limitations had expired before the DEP filed its complaint. The trial court granted the motion and dismissed the DEP’s action. The DEP now appeals this order. We reverse.

In this case, summary judgment was inappropriate. It is well-settled that the statute of limitations begins to run when the last element of a cause of action accrues. Bourne v. State Bank of Orlando & Trust Co., 106 Fla. 46, 142 So. 810 (1932); § 95.031(1), Fla.Stat. (1995).

Here, the DEP’s complaint alleges that Fleet has failed to abate an imminent hazard caused by hazardous substances in violation of section 403.726 of the Florida Statutes, and it is undisputed that the disposed substances are continuing to contaminate the soils and groundwater. Fleet’s failure to controvert this evidence precludes its argument that the statute of limitations bars the instant action, as Fleet must carry the burden of proving a statute of limitations defense. Petroleum Prods. v. Clark, 248 So. 2d 196 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971).

Just like CERCLA, its federal counterpart, Florida’s environmental resource and recovery management statutes are remedial in nature and intended to clean up abandoned, inactive waste disposal sites in order to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. § 403.702, Fla.Stat. (1995); Florida Power & Light Co. v. Allis Chalmers Corp., 893 F. 2d 1313 (11th Cir.1990). The crux of the DEP’s claims is to abate the current hazard, not Fleet’s action on the property.

Thus, in this environmental context, it is irrelevant when Fleet abandoned the property because as courts have recognized in similar groundwater pollution cases, it is the ongoing contamination, not the initial disposal of wastes, that constitutes a continuing, but abatable, nuisance. E.g., Arcade Water Dist. v. United States, 940 F. 2d 1265 (9th Cir.1991); Prisco v. New York, 902 F.Supp. 374 (S.D.N.Y.1995); Cache v. Town of Harrison, 813 F.Supp. 1037 (S.D.N.Y.1993).

As such, the statute of limitations in environmental contexts where there is a continuing invasion of rights does not begin to run until the wrongful invasion of rights that constitutes the violation ceases. United States v. Reaves, 923 F.Supp. 1530 (M.D.Fla.1996).

Were this not the case, then the Legislature’s stated intention to abate pollution that threatens human, animal, aquatic, and plant life as well as property interests would be wholly frustrated. § 403.021(5) — (6), Fla.Stat. (1995).

Accordingly, the trial court’s entry of summary judgment on the basis that the statute of limitations had expired was erroneous because of the peculiar circumstances presented by this environmental litigation, and we reverse and remand this case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

FARMER and KLEIN, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • State of Fla. Dep't OF Env't Reg. v. CTL Distrib., Inc., 715 So. 2d 262 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)
    …ainst it. We believe that summary judgment was inappropriate on statute of limitations grounds. We hereby follow and adopt the reasoning of the Fourth District’s recent decision in State, Department of Environmental Protection v. Fleet Credit Corp., 691 So. 2d 512 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). The Fleet Court held that because contamination of the soil and groundwater by a hazardous substance is a continuing harm (until it is cleaned up), the statute of limitations does not begin to run until the harm is abated: Fleet…
  • Citizens of the State of Fla. v. Brown, 269 So. 3d 498 (Fla. 2019)
    …which, by their nature, occur as discrete incidents, environmental harm can take the form of ongoing damage caused by a continuous presence of pollutants in a resource or ecosystem. See, e.g., Fla. Dep’t of Envtl. Protection v. Fleet Credit Corp., 691 So. 2d 512, 513-14 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997) - 14 - (explaining the “continuing injury to groundwater caused by the current seepage of hazardous substances disposed and discharged on commercial property in the 1980s” and noting that “it is the ongoing contaminatio…
  • SDI Quarry v. Gateway Ests. Park Condo. Ass'n, 249 So. 3d 1287 (Fla. 1st DCA 2018)

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