CLESSIE RILES, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Clessie Riles appealed his cocaine sale conviction, challenging the trial court's admission of undisclosed post-arrest statements through rebuttal witnesses and a flight instruction. The Florida First District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded for a new trial, finding the trial court violated discovery rules and gave an improper flight instruction under recently announced precedent.
The trial court erred in violating the Richardson rule by permitting rebuttal testimony regarding undisclosed post-arrest statements, and no exception to the Richardson rule exists for rebuttal witnesses. Additionally, under Fenelon v. State, a flight instruction should not be given, and this rule applies retroactively to cases pending on direct review.
[1] A trial court errs by allowing undisclosed rebuttal witnesses to testify about post-arrest statements when the court previously conditioned their testimony on defense cou…
[2] There is no rebuttal or impeachment exception to the rule requiring disclosure of evidence in pre-trial discovery.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Because there is no rebuttal or impeachment exception to the Richardson rule, Smith v. State, 500 So.2d 125 (Fla.1986), we find that the lower court erred when it receded from its earlier ruling.”
Establishes that the Richardson discovery rule applies regardless of whether testimony is offered on rebuttal, and the trial court violated this rule by allowing undisclosed witnesses to testify.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant was convicted of sale of cocaine. Police officers Taylor and White allegedly overheard post-arrest statements made by appellant to officer F…
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[*480] SMITH, Judge.
Appellant seeks reversal of his conviction and sentence for sale of cocaine on numerous grounds. We reverse.
In his first point on appeal, appellant maintains that the trial court erred in allowing the state to present testimony, in rebuttal, concerning post-arrest statements allegedly made by appellant, which was not disclosed by the state in pre-trial discovery. The post-arrest statements were allegedly made by appellant to a third officer, Forster, which police officers Taylor and White allegedly overheard. Moments before the trial began, the state furnished the names of Taylor and White to appellant’s counsel, and announced its intention to use their testimony. Upon appellant’s objection, the trial court ruled that it would not permit Taylor or White to testify unless and until the defense had an opportunity to determine what these witnesses would say, and unless defense counsel felt prepared to counter their testimony.
The record does not reflect that the conditions imposed by the trial court were satisfied. Nevertheless, when Taylor and White were called by the state as rebuttal witnesses, the trial court permitted them to testify, over appellant’s objection, about appellant’s post-arrest statements. In overruling appellant’s objection, the trial court stated that the rule (presumably the rule announced in Richardson v. State, 246 So. 2d 771 (Fla.1971)) “does not apply to rebuttal witnesses.” 1
On appeal the appellant argues that the trial court erred in not holding a Richardson hearing, which is per se reversible error. Brown v. State, 515 So. 2d 211 (Fla.1987). However, because the trial court initially ruled that Taylor and White would not be permitted to testify regarding appellant’s post-arrest statement, unless the defense was satisfied as indicated, we view the issue as whether the trial court erred in not adhering to that ruling during the state’s case on rebuttal. Because there is no rebuttal or impeachment exception to the Richardson rule, Smith v. State, 500 So. 2d 125 (Fla.1986), we find that the lower court erred when it receded from its earlier ruling. Based on this error, appellant is entitled to a new trial.
Turning to the issue of whether the trial court erred in giving a flight instruction, we note that the supreme court has recently ruled in Fenelon v. State, 594 So. 2d 292 (Fla.1992), that while evidence of a defendant’s flight from police may be admitted at trial, a trial court should refrain from commenting on such evidence. In Keys v. State, 606 So. 2d 669 (Fla.1992), we retroactively applied the Fenelon rule to cases pending on direct review or which were not final at the time the new rule was announced. Accordingly, on remand, a flight instruction is not to be given.
We note that the sentencing hearing transcript reflects that the trial court was under the impression that appellant had been previously convicted of aggravated assault. However, appellant’s presentence investigation report indicates that this offense was not prosecuted. On remand, any misapprehension in this regard may be remedied.
We find the remaining issues raised by appellant to be without merit. Accordingly, appellant’s judgment of conviction is REVERSED and his sentence is VACATED, and the cause is REMANDED for a new trial.
WIGGINTON and WOLF, JJ., concur. . It should be noted that the arresting officer, Forster, gave testimony regarding the post-arrest statement at issue. Appellant denied making such a statement during his testimony at trial. On rebuttal, the state sought to introduce the testimony of Taylor and White to impeach appellant’s testimony, thereby bolstering the state's side of the “swearing match.” Thus, while a harmless error analysis appears inapplicable in any event, see Cumbie v. State, 345 So. 2d 1061 (Fla.1977), we do not find the error harmless.
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Citator
Cited By
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Gray v. State, 640 So. 2d 186 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994)…or not final at the time of that decision); Phillips v. State, 621 So. 2d 566 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993), rev. granted, 634 So. 2d 627 (Fla.1994); Dupree v. State, 615 So. 2d 713 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993), rev. denied, 623 So. 2d 495 (Fla.1993); Riles v. State, 613 So. 2d 479 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992); Keys v. State, 606 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1st 1992) (followed Fenelon based on Smith.)…
Authorities Cited
- Richardson v. State, 246 So. 2d 771 (Fla. 1971)
- King Anthony Green v. State, 594 So. 2d 292 (Fla. 1992)
- Cumbie v. State, 345 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1977)
- Smith v. State, 500 So. 2d 125 (Fla. 1986)
- Brown v. State, 515 So. 2d 211 (Fla. 1987)
- Keys v. State, 606 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992)