CHANEL, INC.
v.
THE INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESS ENTITIES, AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS IDENTIFIED ON SCHEDULE A

S.D. Fla. | 2023-12-18
No. 23-CV-62201
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
District Court, S.D. Florida (2023)

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Holding

The court granted the plaintiff's motion for a preliminary injunction, finding a substantial likelihood of success on the merits of trademark infringement and counterfeiting claims. The court determined that irreparable injury would occur if the injunction was not granted, the balance of harms favored the plaintiff, and the public interest supported the injunction. The injunction restrains defendants from selling infringing products, concealing assets, and using the plaintiff's trademarks online, and requires financial institutions to freeze and divert associated funds.


Headnotes

[1] A preliminary injunction may be granted to prevent the violation of trademark rights or related statutory provisions, requiring the movant to demonstrate a substantial li…

[2] In trademark infringement cases involving counterfeit goods sold through e-commerce, courts may issue preliminary injunctions to restrain defendants from selling infringi…

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Key Quotes

“To obtain a preliminary injunction, a party must demonstrate “(1) a substantial likelihood of success on the merits; (2) that irreparable injury will be suffered if the relief is not granted; (3) that the threatened injury outweighs the harm the relief would inflict on the non-movant; and (4) that the entry of the relief would serve the public interest.””

States the legal standard for granting a preliminary injunction.

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Facts & Procedural History

The plaintiff alleged that the defendants were infringing upon its trademarks and selling counterfeit versions of its branded goods through internet-b…

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Opinion of the Court

alleges Defendants, the Individuals, Business Entities, and Unincorporated Associations, identified on Schedule “A” attached hereto (“Defendants”), are infringing upon Plaintiff’s trademarks and promoting and selling counterfeits of Plaintiff’s branded goods through the operation of Internet based e-commerce stores under their seller identification names as set forth on Schedule “A” (“E-commerce Store Names”). Among other requests, Plaintiff asks the Court to enjoin Defendants from producing or selling goods that infringe its trademarks and restrain funds in payment accounts associated with Defendants. On November 27, 2023, the Court issued an Order (“Temporary Restraining Order”), [ECF No. 10], granting Plaintiff’s Ex Parte Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order. Defendants were served with relevant case documents on December 6, 2023. See Certificates of Service [ECF Nos. 21, 22]. Defendants have neither formally responded to the Motion, made any filings in this case, nor appeared in this matter either individually or through counsel. On December 14, 2023, the Court held a hearing concerning the requested preliminary injunction (“Hearing”), [ECF No. 24]. No Defendants appeared. Id. Accordingly, the Court having carefully considered the Motion, the record, and being otherwise fully advised, it is hereby

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1116, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), and this Court’s inherent authority, Plaintiff’s Motion, [ECF No. 7], is GRANTED as set forth herein.

INTRODUCTION

Plaintiff raises four claims for relief: (1) trademark counterfeiting and infringement under section 32 of the Lanham Act; (2) false designation of origin under section 43(a) of the Lanham Act; (3) unfair competition under Florida common law; and (4) trademark infringement under Florida common law. See Am. Compl., [ECF No. 20] ¶¶ 24–65. Plaintiff alleges Defendants are promoting, advertising, distributing, offering for sale, and selling counterfeit and infringing versions of Plaintiff’s branded products within the Southern District of Florida through Internet based e-commerce stores operating under the E-commerce Store Names identified on Schedule “A.” See generally id. Plaintiff alleges Defendants’ unlawful activities have caused and will continue to cause irreparable injury because Defendants have (1) deprived Plaintiff of its right to determine the manner in which its trademarks are presented to the public through merchandising; (2) defrauded the public into thinking Defendants’ goods are goods authorized by Plaintiff; (3) deceived the public as to Plaintiff’s association with Defendants’ goods and the e-commerce stores marketing and selling the goods; and (4) wrongfully traded and capitalized on Plaintiff’s reputation and goodwill as well as the commercial value of Plaintiff’s trademarks. See generally id. By its Motion, Plaintiff moves for the issuance of a preliminary injunction against Defendants for violations of the Lanham Act. See Mot. at 9-17. BACKGROUND! Plaintiff is the owner of the following trademarks which are valid and registered on the Principal Register of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“Chanel Marks”):

Trademark Registration Registration Date Classes/Goods Number CHANEL 0,626,035 May 1, 1956 IC 018 - Women’s Handbags CHANEL 0,902,190 | November 10, 1970 | IC 914 - Bracelets, Pins, and Earrings CHANEL 1,177,400 November 10, 1981 | IC 025 - Hats, Shawls and Belts IC 025 - Suits, Jackets, Skirts, _ Dresses, Pants, Blouses, Tunics, ® 1,241,264 June 7, 1983 Sweaters, Cardigans, Tee-Shirts, Coats, Raincoats, Scarves, Shoes and Boots IC 025 - Suits, Jackets, Skirts, Dresses, Pants, Blouses, Tunics, CHANEL 1,241,265 June 7, 1983 Sweaters, Cardigans, Coats, Raincoats, Scarves, Shoes and Boots 1,314,511 January 15, 1985 IC 018 - Leather Goods-Namely, Handbags CHANEL 1,347,677 July 9, 1985 IC 018 - Leather Goods-Namely, Handbags IC 006 - Keychains IC 014 - Costume Jewelry IC 025 - Blouses, Shoes, Belts, 1,501,898 August 30, 1988 Scarves, Jackets, Men’s Ties IC 026 - Brooches and Buttons for Clothing

' The factual background is taken from Plaintiffs Amended Complaint, [ECF No. 20]; Plaintiffs Motion, [ECF No. 7]; and supporting evidentiary submissions. Plaintiff also attaches declarations and exhibits in support of its Motion, [ECF Nos. 7-1—7-6].

IC 018 - Leather Goods; namely, Handbags, Wallets, Travel Bags, CHANEL 1,733,051 | November 17, 1992 | Luggage: Business and Credit ou ovenmer tf Card Cases, Change Purses, Tote Bags, Cosmetic Bags Sold Empty, and Garment Bags for Travel IC 018 - Leather Goods; namely, Handbags, Wallets, Travel Bags, 1,734,822 November 24, 1992 | Luggage, Business Card Cases, Change Purses, Tote Bags, and Cosmetic Bags Sold Empty . IC 014 - Timepieces; namely,2,959,712 April 9, 2002 Watches, and Parts Thereof RUE CAMBON2,964,843 July 5, 2005 IC 018 - Handbags IC 009 - Eyeglass Frames, Sunglasses3,025,936 December 13, 2005 | IC 025 - Gloves, Swimwear IC 026 - Hair Accessories, namely, Barrettes CHANEL3,133,139 August 22, 2006 IC 014 - Jewelry and Watches IC 009 - Eyeglass Frames, Sunglasses, Sunglass Parts, Cases For Spectacles and Sunglasses IC 025 - Swimwear, Stockings CHANEL3,134,695 August 29, 2006 | 1° 026 - Hair Accessories, Namely, Barrettes IC 028 - Bags Specially Adopted For Sports Equipment, Tennis Rackets, Tennis Balls, Tennis Racket Covers3,149,203 September 26, 2006 | IC 014 - Jewelry IC 009 - Cases for Telephones CHANEL3,890,159 December 14, 2010 [...] [...] - Kev Cases IC 009 - Protective Covers for Portable Electronic Devices, Handheld Digital Devices,4,074,269 December 20, 2011 Personal Computers and Cell Phones IC 018 - Key Cases

IC 025 - For Clothing, namely, Coats, Jackets, Dresses, Tops, = jon Swim Wear, Pareos, Hats, Scarves, Ties, Gloves, Footwear, Hosiery

Pe [sen [Seis fem

See Decl. of Elizabeth Han (“Han Decl.”), [ECF No. 7-1] § 4. The Chanel Marks are used in connection with the manufacture and distribution of high-quality goods in the categories identified above. See id. 4-5. Defendants, by operating Internet based e-commerce stores under the E-commerce Store Names, have advertised, promoted, offered for sale, and/or sold goods bearing and/or using what Plaintiff has determined to be counterfeits, infringements, reproductions, and/or colorable imitations of the Chanel Marks. See Han Decl. 9, 11-14; Decl. of Stephen M. Gaffigan (“Gaffigan Decl.”), [ECF No. 7-2] § 2; Decl. of Kathleen Burns (“Burns Decl.”), [ECF No. 7-3] § 4; Burns Decl. Comp. Ex. 1, [ECF Nos. 7-4—7-6]. Although each Defendant may not have copied and infringed each Chanel Mark for each category of protected goods, Plaintiff has submitted sufficient evidence showing that each Defendant has infringed, at least, one or more of the Chanel Marks. See Han Decl. JJ 11-14; Burns Decl. § 4; Burns Decl. Comp. Ex. 1. Defendants are not currently, nor have they ever been, authorized or licensed to use, reproduce, or make counterfeits, reproductions, or colorable imitations of the Chanel Marks. See Han Decl. Jj 9, 13-14.

Plaintiff’s counsel retained Invisible Inc. (“Invisible”), a licensed private investigative firm, to investigate the promotion and sale of counterfeit and infringing versions of Plaintiff’s branded products by Defendants and to determine the available payment account data for receipt of funds paid to Defendants for the sale of counterfeit versions of Plaintiff’s branded products. See

Han Decl. ¶ 10; Gaffigan Decl. ¶ 2; Burns Decl. ¶ 3. Invisible accessed the e-commerce stores operating under each of Defendants’ E-commerce Store Names, placed orders from each Defendant2 for the purchase of various products, all bearing and/or using counterfeits of at least one of the Chanel Marks, and requested that each product be shipped to the Southern District of Florida. See Burns Decl. ¶ 4; Burns Decl. Comp. Ex. 1. Each order was processed entirely online, and following the submission of the orders, Invisible received information for finalizing payment on each of the Defendant’s e-commerce stores which are identified on Schedule “A” attached hereto. See Burns Decl. ¶ 4, nn.2-3; Gaffigan Decl. ¶ 5. At the conclusion of the process, the detailed web pages of the Plaintiff’s branded products offered for sale and ordered via Defendants’ E-commerce Store Names were sent to Plaintiff’s representative for inspection. See Burns Decl.

¶¶ 4-5; Gaffigan Decl. ¶ 2, n.1; Han Decl. ¶¶ 11–13, n.1. Plaintiff’s representative reviewed and visually inspected the detailed web page captures depicting Plaintiff’s branded products that Invisible identified and captured and determined the products were non-genuine, unauthorized versions of Plaintiff’s goods or images of authentic products used in order to facilitate the sale of non-genuine Plaintiff’s products. See Han Decl. ¶¶ 12–14.

LEGAL STANDARD

Plaintiff has filed claims under the Lanham Act and Florida common law. See generally Am. Compl. The Lanham Act provides that the Court “shall have power to grant injunctions, according to the principles of equity and upon such terms as the court may deem reasonable, to prevent the violation of any right of the registrant of a mark registered in the Patent and Trademark Office or to prevent a violation under subsection (a), (c), or (d) of section 1125 of this title.” 15 U.S.C. § 1116(a). Injunctive relief is also available for a violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1114(1)(a). See id. § 1116(d)(1)(A). To obtain a preliminary injunction, a party must demonstrate “(1) a substantial likelihood of success on the merits; (2) that irreparable injury will be suffered if the relief is not granted; (3) that the threatened injury outweighs the harm the relief would inflict on the non-movant; and (4) that the entry of the relief would serve the public interest.” Schiavo ex. rel Schindler v. Schiavo, 403 F. 3d 1223, 1225–26 (11th Cir. 2005); see also Levi Strauss & Co. v. Sunrise Int’l. Trading Inc., 51 F. 3d 982, 985 (11th Cir. 1995).

ANALYSIS

The declarations Plaintiff submitted in support of its Motion support the following conclusions of law: A. Plaintiff has a strong probability of proving at trial that consumers are likely to be confused by Defendants’ advertisement, promotion, sale, offer for sale, and/or distribution of goods bearing and/or using counterfeits, reproductions, or colorable imitations of the Chanel Marks, and that the products Defendants are selling and promoting for sale are copies of Plaintiff’s products that bear and/or use copies of the Chanel Marks. B. Because of the infringement of the Chanel Marks, Plaintiff is likely to suffer immediate and irreparable injury if a preliminary injunction is not granted. The following specific facts, as set forth in Plaintiff’s Amended Complaint, Motion, and accompanying declarations on file, demonstrate that immediate and irreparable loss, damage, and injury will result to Plaintiff and to consumers because it is more likely true than not: 1. Defendants own or control commercial Internet based e-commerce stores operating under their E-commerce Store Names which advertise, promote, offer for sale, and sell products bearing and/or using counterfeit and infringing trademarks in violation of Plaintiff’s rights; and 2. There is good cause to believe that more counterfeit and infringing products bearing and/or using Plaintiff’s trademarks will appear in the marketplace; that consumers are likely to be misled, confused, and/or disappointed by the quality of these products; and that Plaintiff may suffer loss of sales for its genuine products. C. The balance of potential harm to Defendants in restraining their trade in counterfeit and infringing branded goods if a preliminary injunction is issued is outweighed by the potential harm to Plaintiff, its reputation, and its goodwill as a manufacturer and distributor of quality products, if such relief is not issued. D. The public interest favors issuance of the preliminary injunction in order to protect Plaintiff’s trademark interests and to protect the public from being defrauded by Defendants’ palming off of counterfeit goods as Plaintiff’s genuine goods. E. Under 15 U.S.C. § 1117(a), Plaintiff may be entitled to recover, as an equitable remedy, the illegal profits gained through Defendants’ distribution and sales of goods bearing and/or using counterfeits and infringements of the Chanel Marks. See Reebok Int’l, Ltd. v. Marnatech Enters., Inc., 970 F. 2d 552, 559 (9th Cir. 1992) (“An accounting of profits under § 1117(a) is not synonymous with an award of monetary damages: ‘[a]n accounting for profits . . . is an equitable remedy subject to the principles of equity.’”) (quoting Fuller Brush Prods. Co. v. Fuller Brush Co., 299 F. 2d 772, 777 (7th Cir. 1962) (alteration in original)). F. Requesting equitable relief “invokes the district court’s inherent equitable powers to order preliminary relief, including an asset freeze, in order to assure the availability of permanent relief.” Levi Strauss & Co., 51 F. 3d at 987 (citing FTC v. U.S. Oil & Gas Corp., 748 F. 2d 1431, 1433-34 (11th Cir. 1984)). G. In light of the inherently deceptive nature of the counterfeiting business, and the likelihood that Defendants have violated federal trademark laws, Plaintiff has good reason to believe Defendants will hide or transfer their ill-gotten assets beyond the jurisdiction of this Court unless those assets are restrained.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1116, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65, 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), and the Court’s inherent authority, Plaintiff’s Motion, [ECF No. 7], is GRANTED. A preliminary injunction is entered as follows: (1) Each Defendant, its officers, directors, employees, agents, subsidiaries, this Order are hereby restrained and enjoined until further Order of the Court: a. From manufacturing, importing, advertising, promoting, offering to sell, selling, distributing, or transferring any products bearing and/or using the Chanel Marks, or any confusingly similar trademarks, other than those actually manufactured or distributed by Plaintiff; and b. From secreting, concealing, destroying, selling off, transferring, or otherwise disposing of: (i) any products, not manufactured or distributed by Plaintiff, bearing and/or using the Chanel Marks, or any confusingly similar trademarks; (ii) any evidence relating to the manufacture, importation, sale, offer for sale,

distribution, or transfer of any products bearing and/or using the Chanel Marks, or any confusingly similar trademarks; or (iii) any assets or other financial accounts subject to this Order, including inventory assets, in the actual or constructive possession of, or owned, controlled, or held by, or subject to access by, any Defendant, including, but not limited to, any assets held by or on behalf of any Defendant. (2) Each Defendant, its officers, directors, employees, agents, subsidiaries, this Order shall immediately discontinue, until further order of this Court, the use of the Chanel Marks, or any confusingly similar trademarks, on or in connection with all e-commerce stores owned and operated, or controlled by them, including the Internet based e-commerce stores operating under the E-commerce Store Names. (3) Each Defendant, its officers, directors, employees, agents, subsidiaries, this Order shall immediately discontinue, until further order of this Court, the use of the Chanel Marks, or any confusingly similar trademarks within domain name extensions, metatags or other markers within website source code, from use on any webpage (including as the title of any web page), from any advertising links to other websites, from search engines’ databases or cache memory, and any other form of use of such terms that are visible to a computer user or serves to direct computer searches to e-commerce stores registered, owned, or operated by any Defendant, including the e-commerce stores operating under the E-commerce Store Names. (4) Each Defendant shall continue to preserve copies of all computer files relating to the use of any of the E-commerce Store Names and shall take all steps necessary to retrieve computer files relating to the use of the E-commerce Store Names that may have been deleted before the entry of this Order. (5) Upon Plaintiff’s request, the privacy protection service for any of the E-commerce Store Names for which the registrant uses such privacy protection service to conceal the registrant’s identity and contact information is ordered to disclose to Plaintiff the true identities and contact information of those registrants. (6) Upon receipt of notice of this Order, Defendants and all financial institutions, payment processors, banks, escrow services, money transmitters, or marketplace platforms, including but not limited to, PayPal, Inc. (“PayPal”), and their related companies and affiliates shall (i) immediately, to the extent not already done, identify all financial accounts and/or sub-accounts associated with the Internet e-commerce stores operating under the E-commerce Store Names, the payment accounts, payees, merchant identifications, transaction numbers and/or information, and/or the e-mail addresses identified on Schedule “A” hereto, as well as any other accounts of the same customer(s); (ii) identify all other accounts which transfer funds into the same financial institution account(s) or any of the other financial accounts subject to this Order; (iii) restrain the transfer of all funds, as opposed to ongoing account activity, held or received for their benefit or to be transferred into their respective financial accounts, and any other financial accounts tied thereto; and (iv) divert those restrained funds to a holding account for the trust of the Court. (7) Upon receipt of notice of this Order, Defendants and all financial institutions, payment processors, banks, escrow services, money transmitters, or marketplace platforms, including but not limited to, PayPal and their related companies and affiliates, shall further, and to the extent not already done, provide Plaintiff’s counsel with all data that details (i) an accounting of the total funds restrained and identify the financial account(s) and sub-account(s) to which the restrained funds are related, and (ii) the account transactions related to all funds transmitted into the financial account(s) and sub-account(s) which have been restrained. No funds restrained by this Order shall be transferred or surrendered by any financial institution, payment processor, bank, escrow service, money transmitter, or marketplace website, including but not limited to, PayPal, and their related companies and affiliates, for any purpose (other than pursuant to a purchase refund chargeback made by a consumer) without the express authorization of this Court. (8) Any Defendant or financial institution account holder subject to this Order may petition the Court to modify the asset restraint set out in this Order. (9) This Order shall apply to the E-commerce Store Names, associated e-commerce stores, and any other seller identification names, e-commerce stores, private messaging accounts, or financial accounts that are being used by Defendants for the purpose of counterfeiting the Chanel Marks and/or unfairly competing with Plaintiff. (10) As a matter of law, this Order shall no longer apply to any Defendant or associated e-commerce store dismissed from this action or as to which Plaintiff has withdrawn its request for a preliminary injunction. (11) Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. § 1116(d)(5)(D) and Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(c), Plaintiff shall maintain its previously posted bond in the amount of $10,000.00 as payment of damages to which Defendants may be entitled for a wrongful injunction or restraint, during the pendency of this action, or until further Order of the Court. In the Court’s discretion, the bond may be subject to increase in the interest of justice. (13) Additionally, for the purpose of providing additional notice of this proceeding, all other pleadings, orders, and documents filed herein, the owners, operators and/or administrators of the e-commerce stores and/or financial institutions, payment processors, banks, escrow services, and money transmitters, and marketplace platforms, including but not limited to, PayPal, and their related companies and affiliates shall, at Plaintiff's request, provide Plaintiffs counsel with any e-mail address known to be associated with Defendants’ respective E-commerce Store Names. (17) This Preliminary Injunction shall remain in effect during the pendency of this action, or until further date as set by the Court or stipulated by the parties. DONE AND ORDERED in Miami, Florida, this 15th day of December, 2023.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

SCHEDULE “A” DEFENDANTS BY NUMBER, E-COMMERCE STORE NAME, FINANCIAL ACCOUNT INFORMATION, AND ADDITIONAL MEANS OF CONTACT

Defendant / Def. Financial Additional Means of Additional Username / E-commerce Store Payee Merchant ID No. Account Contact Business name Name

Junliyou E-com 金国 王 Commerce Co., VVUZPJFG GuangJunliyou@ [email protected] 广州俊黎由电子商务有 Ltd. MA8DU outlook.com [email protected] 限公司 JUNLIYOUECO 超 杨 Network 上海芯匠人包装科技有 Technology Co., 3JVHK8AM [email protected] 限公司 Ltd. KB6VW m NETWORKTECH 1 chaneel.cn 正华 程 鄱阳县华美家电有限公 司

HUAMEIHOMEA

有波 董 鄱阳县苏音科技有限公 司

POYANGSUYIN

志正 段 fashionquesthub.com LuxCo E-洪洞县鱼冰电子商务有 2 a.k.a. Commerce Co., XJGUU6W8 offer@chicsphere 限公司 fp.fashionquesthub.com Ltd RMYNC zone.com LUXCOECOMME

XJGUU6W8

Neiman Marcus RMYNC 俊 李 广州壹拾通讯科技有限 ZP7TXS3W 公司 2 blingyostrich.com Neiman Marcus YANDQ [email protected] FASHIONFAME

游 周 [email protected] 四川当茹悦商贸有限公 V7D3MARP CardinalJacqaues@outlook. 司 2 chordistx.com Neiman Marcus YS6FS com SHOPPINGSPR 硕 李 ZTGVPBL43 katienguyenlansing@gmail. 广州硕以商贸有限公司 2 deyalp.com Neiman Marcus DU2Y com SHUOYISHANG 可 黄 郑州聂港网络科技有限 S2H993VT2 公司 2 eehxhl.com Neiman Marcus U26J [email protected] TROMPECOMME 少恒 王 合肥缶乏线访网络信息 GMNTHPE 咨询有限公司 2 elixzon.com Neiman Marcus WXDPGJ [email protected] TREMBLAYLLC

金潞 张 VQR5MUYB [email protected] 广州瑾璐电子商务有限 2 elttes.com Neiman Marcus YZH5J om 公司

RIPPIN SONS

国锋 黄 佛山市南海区艺斐弥商 YMZRSD3M 贸有限公司 2 fashionvibezone.com Neiman Marcus BEC9U [email protected] SPEEDYECOMM 建康 郑 枝江市率变商贸有限公 R7584KLJN arturomolinamiranda@outlo 司 2 fashlinexi.com Neiman Marcus R4YW ok.com STANTON LLC 宗攀 曲 随州市汇曼源科技有限 Z8N653QEP 公司 2 fashxi.com Neiman Marcus 5HBW [email protected] BEER 洁宗 李 陕西洁宇棕信息科技有 ECEYH44X3 [email protected] 限公司 2 glamaexon.com Neiman Marcus KMD8 om MARKETECOMM 景涛 侯 洪洞县文涛科技有限公 M32LH8Q33 [email protected] 司 2 glamcharmx.com Neiman Marcus 9MDL m SWANKCOECOM 海斌 龚 屯昌袖梓莱电子商务有 QF6YMJA4 限公司 2 glammartzone.com Neiman Marcus VQFLN [email protected] NIFTYCOECOM 侗 周 九江侗格灯商贸有限公 RNUAG3PT 司 2 glamzest.com Neiman Marcus D6HAE [email protected] TONGGEDENGS

KCHHH9V

Neiman Marcus K3JNCA2 modanexus.com GleamCo E-明军 杜 Commerce Co., goods@glamvibez 安庆膏塑商贸有限公司 Ltd one.com GLEAMCOECOM Swiftly E-鹏怀 常 Commerce Co., help@modasphere 安庆扒疃商贸有限公司 2 quickdealspot.com Ltd x.com SWIFTLYECOM 64WAVGQV Neiman Marcus 2FTCL [email protected]

WhatsApp +447564721955 智 陈 C8SGWEJV9 [email protected] 广州岑只商贸有限公司 2 scubric.com Neiman Marcus H2JL m VONRUEDENST 昊 张 LAJXT53NU 太原森福商贸有限公司 2 smialc.com Neiman Marcus SEXL [email protected] KULAS KRIS 浩浩 董 2 stylecharmz.com GlossCo E-陕西与浩信息科技有限 Commerce Co., SR2TMMRH deals@trendytrov 公司 Ltd 3L7W6 ex.com GLOSSCOECOM Neiman Marcus 宁 张 九江宁华商商贸有限公 PAAM5ADS 司 2 styloxexon.com Neiman Marcus GMGAY [email protected] SCHINNER 欣欣 吕 襄阳市柏碧欣商贸有限 P6E4SN7QD 公司 2 swiftretailoutlet.com Neiman Marcus 8EVS [email protected] LUXELUXURYT 学林 王 佛山市南海区趣绘濡商 AQC3VY6W 贸有限公司 2 ylroop.com Neiman Marcus Q76LA [email protected] NICOLASZIEM 睿 李 济南睿利铭电子商务有 L8SE9YUP6 限公司 2 yltcer.com Neiman Marcus U2YU [email protected] HOWEGERLACH 云良 高 5992C8EF5X 安庆芸椋商贸有限公司 2 zvlafa.com Neiman Marcus Z7J [email protected] ZIEMEECOMME

智勇 王 运城市盐湖区致咏商贸 2NET4X3DT com 有限公司 3 byteebags.com lasols ERW8 [email protected] LASOLS

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2NET4X3DT3 llmbags.com lasols ERW8 com 2NET4X3DT3 llnbags.com lasols ERW8 [email protected] 2NET4X3DT3 maccbags.com lasols ERW8

2NET4X3DT com lasols ERW8 3 mmfbags.com

com 冰 冷 VPVNN53A 山西锦联贸易有限公司 laecke APT9E [email protected] LAECKE

VPVNN53A

milorn.cn a.k.a3 laecke APT9E com neiimansmarcu.com 2NET4X3DT lasols ERW8 neimanmarcuslastscall.c 2NET4X3DT3 om lasols ERW8

2NET4X3DT3 neoobags.com lasols ERW8 com

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BMBJFUA6J

buiser GR82 com 2NET4X3DT3 ooibags.com lasols ERW8 2NET4X3DT3 ookbags.com lasols ERW8 2NET4X3DT3 rrbbags.com lasols ERW8

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BMBJFUA6J

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3 rrahbags.com buiser GR82

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buiser GR82 3 zzabags.com

VPVNN53A

laecke APT9E com

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3 beetobags.com laecke APT9E

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3 nnebags.com laecke APT9E com

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3 oombags.com laecke APT9E

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3 snotbags.com laecke APT9E com

VPVNN53A

3 ulikesbags.com laecke APT9E 晓蓉 黄 泉州珀岳电子商务有限 B8U2FND2T 公司 4 ssadbags.com lafean HDX2 [email protected] LAFEAN

峰 姜 昆明在现场电子商务有 TFHLQTDL com 限公司 witsoe CD4X6 [email protected] WITSOE

贵华 李 深圳市康烁欣科技有限 QVLEPVN2 com 公司 Online Mall PAUR4 [email protected] ONLINE MALL

倩 姚 小妖峪(山东)电子商 A5S6VWFN com 务有限公司 Website Shop PR978 [email protected] WEBSITESHOP s nu op rep po lr yt@ @s ne or tv icic ee .zc hu cs a.c ro tam p ps. 治 陈 com 天水龙图源电子商务有 Website Online 4CKKENLD [email protected] 限公司 Mall 6ZH9N [email protected] WEBSITEONLI

旭 杨 安庆隔期电子商务有限 66C8SDY8D com 公司 rolsal FAD2 [email protected] ROLSAL

亚南 王 新乡市财拓商贸有限公 MTCLXGB9 com 司 Website Store 6HJ7N [email protected] WEBSITESTOR

龙强 刘 济南白菁电子商贸有限 XV7SE79CP com 公司 mykalia 88JS [email protected] MYKALIA s nu op rep po lr yt@ @s ne or tv icic ee .zc hu cs a.c ro tam p ps. 小虎 孙 com 潜山市吉妍商贸有限公 Online Website PVPBW82W [email protected] 司 Shop HMRA4 [email protected] ONLINEWEBSI

慧玲 王 成都帮个站电子商务有 Y7EAB3U24 com 限公司 cheraye 4TWQ [email protected] CHERAYE

伟 刘 Online Website H7C4PFMAS com 乐东积楚科技有限公司 Mart H4A2 [email protected] ONLINEWEBSI [email protected]

楠 李 合肥悟空潮牌服装贸易 WJ2NJHXP7 com 有限公司 ermary ZW6E [email protected] ERMARY

东东 高 Website Online Y53MZV82T com 河南晴鸿商贸有限公司 Store GSYC [email protected] WEBSITEONLI

露 郑 金华市六筝电子商务有 ZBQMN22P com 限公司 carkeya VAAU4 [email protected] CARKEYA

com 圆 陈 Website Online 5EW6XB5B [email protected] 海口龙华鑫潮汇服装店 Shop CP7TY [email protected] WEBSITEONLI

B8U2FND2T

lafean HDX2 艳 梁 深圳市艳清进出口贸易 MXGHPAGZ 有限公司 Website Mall TV7YN [email protected] WEBSITEMALL 辉 张 安新县耀鸿商贸有限公 Website Online KBJBY29R5 司 Store K7GA [email protected] WEBSITEONLI

ZBQMN22P

4 zzcbags.com carkeya VAAU4

WJ2NJHXP7

ermary ZW6E 呈祥 赵 9JJBS9SDKZ 河南衔榷商贸有限公司 Website Mart NYW [email protected] WEBSITEMART 晨晨 唐 MQKJFMDC 沧州清鹏商贸有限公司 Online Shop P8LTL [email protected] ONLINE SHOP 玲玲 王 Online Website VBSGWY2G [email protected] 临沂耿通商贸有限公司 Mall B4HNQ [email protected] ONLINEWEBSI 志鹏 林 福州坤融网络科技有限 福州坤融网络科 7B874UGPR 公司 5 leiine.com 技有限公司 TXQ2 [email protected] KUNRONGWANG Dapper E-亚龙 张 Commerce Co., CJZ58NXM [email protected] 昆明亚碍商贸有限公司 6 modasparkzone.com LTD QQ4UE m DAPPERECOMM DigiBuy E-丹 李 Commerce Co., ATFQFAFU7value@luxepulsex 湖北省郸帝商贸有限公 7 trendqexin.com ltd 5YXQ .com 司

DIGIBUYECOM

毅 黄 Bright E-四川彩京天利科技有限 vjxoxm.com a.k.a. Commerce Co., FFJ5YJF7C6 review@modaspa 公司 8 sprucequail.com Ltd PP8 rkzone.com [email protected] BRIGHTECOMM BRUCEMA_OFFICIAL@

OUTLOOK.COM

[email protected] 汉松 甘 广州芷蜂商贸有 FQPC8NFCGbrucema_official om 广州芷蜂商贸有限公司 9 bags.top4lux.com 限公司 3H2G @outlook.com WhatsApp +639666902522 ZHIFENGSHAN [email protected] 理铜 瞿 WhatsApp 深圳扶朗服饰有限 深圳扶朗服饰有 N45W8W8A qlt18025352144@+ ql8 t16 81 08 21 52 39 59 24 17 40 46 _6 888@163. 公司 10 juliedresses.com 限公司 L5CE8 163.com com FULANGFUSHI

Footnotes
2 Certain Defendants operate their E-commerce Store Names in tandem with electronic communication via private messaging applications and/or services to complete their offer and sale of Chanel-branded products. See Burns Decl. ¶ 4, n.1.
3 llibags.com buiser GR82
4 sscfbags.com 桂珍 陈 J8XJY8392X com 永春圭筝贸易有限公司 Online Store 6QE [email protected] ONLINESTORE

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