JOHNNIE MCKINNEY, APPELLANT,
v.
UNITED STATES SUGAR CORPORATION AND STATE OF FLORIDA UNEMPLOYMENT APPEALS COMMISSION, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1986-08-13
No. 85-1083
DOWNEY, J., and WESSEL, JOHN D„ Associate Judge, concur.
492 So. 2d 478 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1986) Caution
Cited by 13 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Johnnie McKinney, a 23-year employee with no prior unexcused absences, was discharged for failing to report to work on May 31 and June 1, 1984, after initially leaving work under the impression his brother had died. The court reversed the unemployment commission's denial of benefits, holding that McKinney's conduct did not constitute misconduct under Florida law because his absence resulted from good faith confusion about a family member's death and did not demonstrate willful disregard of his employer's interests.


Holding

The employee's conduct does not constitute misconduct under Florida law. Although the employee should have notified his employer of his continued absence, his conduct did not evince the willful or intentional disregard of the employer's interests required by the misconduct statute. The employee's good faith confusion about his brother's fate, his 23-year employment record with no prior unexcused absences, and the wife's notification on the second day render the conduct insufficient to justify disqualification from unemployment benefits.


Headnotes

[1] Absence from work due to confusion about a family member's death and whereabouts, coupled with an attempt to locate a relative, does not constitute misconduct disqualifyi…

[2] Mere inefficiency, ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment are not considered misconduct under unemployment compensation statutes.

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Key Quotes

“Misconduct is defined in section 443.036(24), Florida Statutes (1983), as... Conduct evincing such willful or wanton disregard of an employer's interests as is found in deliberate violation or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the light to expect of his employee”

Establishes the statutory definition of misconduct requiring willful or wanton disregard

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Facts & Procedural History

McKinney was employed as a mechanic starting in 1961. In May 1984, he was informed by his supervisor that a family member had passed away and was give…

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Opinion of the Court
WALDEN, Judge.

WALDEN, Judge.

Appellant, Johnnie McKinney, appeals from an order of the Florida Unemployment Appeals Commission affirming an appeals referee’s decision denying unemployment benefits to McKinney. The appeals referee’s findings of fact, in their entirety, are as follows:

FINDINGS OF FACT: The claimant was employed in July, 1961, by the employer, his last position being that of second-class mechanic. In April, 1984, the foreman suspended the claimant for five days for allegedly altering a date on a doctor’s note.

On May 25, 1984, the assistant superintendent transmitted a phone message to the claimant that a member of his family passed away and he was needed at home. The claimant had already received a message from a foreman that his brother had been hospitalized in St. Petersburg. After the foreman took the claimant home, the claimant returned and asked for and received an advance on his vacation check, to attend his brother’s funeral in St. Petersburg. Over the weekend, the claimant made phone calls but was unable to get any further information. Monday, May 28, 1984, was a paid holiday. Union rules allowed three days off work for the death of an immediate family member, however, the claimant intended to return to work as soon as he could return from the funeral. On Tuesday night, May 29,1984, the claimant reached someone who indicated that the funeral would be the following day. The claimant had a friend drive him to St. Peters-burg on the morning of May 30, 1984, and when he arrived at the church, he discovered that the funeral was for a female cousin rather than his brother, and that his brother had left the St. Petersburg area. The claimant started back after the church service, arriving home late that afternoon.

The claimant did not appear for work on May 31,1984, or June 1,1984, because he was still confused about the fate of his brother and was attempting to learn of his whereabouts. The claimant’s wife phoned the employer on the afternoon of June 1, 1984, and the claimant was advised, after explaining the situation, to report for work the following Monday, June 4, 1984. The claimant did so and was discharged for unreported absence on the previous Thursday and Friday.

We must also add, from the record, that McKinney, an illiterate, had worked twenty-three years for the employer in question, without any unexcused absences other than those mentioned. Moreover, the only blot on McKinney’s employment record was an earlier recordation that he had been sus pended for five days for “allegedly” altering a date on a doctor’s note.

The determinative question is whether appellant’s absence from work, in the circumstances presented, amounted to misconduct connected with his work. From the appeals referee’s findings, we conclude, as a matter of law, that appellant’s absence does not constitute “misconduct” as defined by section 443.036(24), Florida Statutes (1983). As such, McKinney was wrongfully denied his unemployment compensation benefits, and therefore, we reverse the agency order. An individual shall be disqualified for unemployment benefits for misconduct connected with his work. S. 443.101(1), Fla. Stat. (1983). Misconduct is defined in section 443.036(24), Florida Statutes (1983), as follows:

(24) MISCONDUCT — “Misconduct” includes, but is not limited to, the following, which shall not be construed in pari materia with each other:
(a) Conduct evincing such willful or wanton disregard of an employer’s interests as is found in deliberate violation or disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the light to expect of his employee; or (b) Carelessness or negligence of such a degree or recurrence as to manifest culpability, wrongful intent, or evil design or to show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer’s interests or of the employee’s duties and obligations to his employer. Rule 38 É-2.17(5)(b)(8), Florida Administrative Code, sets forth three categories of misconduct. Here, appellant was disqualified from receiving unemployment benefits for a period of five weeks. Therefore, the guidelines that are applicable to the instant case are the following examples of simple misconduct set forth in rule 38 B-2.17(5)(b)(3), Florida Administrative Code. Specifically, the rule provides:
3. Simple misconduct in connection with the work. 1-12 weeks disqualification. Examples of simple misconduct shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(a) Conflicts on the job for which the claimant is partially or totally responsible and which affect job performance of claimant or other employees.

(b) Unauthorized absenteeism or tardiness over which the claimant has control.

(c) Conducting unauthorized personal activities during working hours.

(d) Minor violations of reasonable and lawful company rules.

It is clear from the facts presented that appellant’s absence from work was initially proper and aboveboard. Appellant was told by his superior that one of his family members had passed away. Earlier, a foreman had told him that his brother had been hospitalized in St. Petersburg. Thus, appellant, in good faith, believed that it was his brother who had passed away.

Union rules provided three days off work for the death of an immediate family member. If it had been appellant’s brother who passed away, appellant would not have been expected back to work until Friday, June 1, 1984. Although appellant did not return to work on that day, his wife did call in the afternoon to explain his absence.

The appeals referee stated:

The evidence in the case shows that the claimant was discharged for unreported absence on May 31, 1984, and June 1, 1984. The claimant had an obligation to his employer to appear for work upon his return home, after learning that the person who died was not an immediate family member; or if not able to do so, to properly notify his employer regarding the reason for his continued absence. Hence, the claimant’s unreported absence is considered to constitute conduct in disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of its employee. Therefore, it must be concluded that the claimant was discharged for misconduct connected with the work.

We agree that appellant should have notified his employer of his continued absence. However, under the circumstances, we cannot agree that appellant’s conduct constituted such a willful or intentional disregard of his employer’s interest to warrant a disallowance of unemployment benefits.

Appellant did not learn that it was his cousin who had passed away until Wednesday, May 30, 1984. He spent the next day and a half trying to locate his brother, who had left the St. Petersburg area. The appeals referee found as a finding of fact that appellant was absent from work because he was still confused about the fate of his brother and was attempting to learn of his whereabouts.

Several cases have held that mere inefficiency, unsatisfactory conduct, failure in good performance as the result of inability or incapacity, inadvertencies or ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment or discretion are not to be deemed “misconduct” within the meaning of the statute. See Lamb v. Unemployment Appeals Commission, 424 So. 2d 197 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983); Fredericks v. Fla. Dept. of Commerce, IRC, 323 So. 2d 286 (Fla. 2nd DCA 1975); Williams v. State, Dept. of Commerce, 260 So. 2d 233 (Fla. 1st DCA 1972).

There is no evidence that appellant had a history of absence from work during the twenty-three years he worked for his employer. Although appellant might have used bad judgment in his decision not to contact his employer the day he returned, the facts do not establish that he willfully and deliberately violated his employer’s interest or his own duties and obligations to his employer. The Unemployment Compensation Law is to be liberally construed in favor of the claimant. Baeza v. Pan American/National Airlines, Inc., 392 So. 2d 920 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). As we view it, McKinney’s attendance record, at best, over the period of his employment was exemplary and, at worst, was simply a departure so minimal and so trifling as to not deserve notice.

We recognize that this court should not disturb the action of the Unemployment Appeals Commission unless there is a lack of substantial competent evidence in the record to support that action. See Andrus v. Fla. Dept. of Labor, 379 So. 2d 468 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980). However, in this case, the relevant evidence in the record is inadequate to support the appeals referee’s conclusion. See DeGroot v. Sheffield, 95 So. 2d 912 (Fla.1957). Therefore, we find, as a matter of law, that appellant’s conduct is not the type contemplated within the meaning of the statute to disqualify him for unemployment benefits.

We reverse and remand with instructions to award McKinney his unemployment compensation benefits.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

DOWNEY, J., and WESSEL, JOHN D„ Associate Judge, concur.


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Cited By

  • Barchoff v. Shells OF ST. Pete Beach, Inc., 787 So. 2d 935 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
    …ler v. Burdines, Inc., 654 So. 2d 1276, 1277 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995). Isolated instances of a failure of good performance, or good faith errors in judgment, are not deemed to be misconduct as defined in the statute. McKinney v. United States Sugar Corp., 492 So. 2d 478, 481 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986). The evidence here reflects an isolated incident of an unexcused absence. While Barchoffs failure to report to work or to find a replacement may have shown poor judgment, it does not constitute willful and deliberate miscon…
  • Daniels v. Fla. Unemployment Appeals Comm'n, 531 So. 2d 1047 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988)
    …ed the employer’s separate policies to keep unattended patients in their room and to prevent patients from leaving the safety of the nursing home. Her actions were, at most, bad judgment and not misconduct. See McKinney v. United States Sugar Corp., 492 So. 2d 478 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986). We, accordingly, quash the order of the Unemployment Appeals Commission and remand to the Commission with instructions that Daniels be awarded unemployment compensation benefits. FRANK, A.C.J., and HALL, J., concur. * The ap…
  • Lucido v. State, 862 So. 2d 913 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …as the result of inability or incapacity, inadvertencies or ordinary negligence in isolated instances, or good faith errors in judgment or discretion are not to be deemed ‘misconduct’ within the meaning of the statute.” McKinney v. U.S. Sugar Corp., 492 So. 2d 478, 481 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986) (citations omitted). Here, even assuming that the employer’s request for a doctor’s note was a valid and reasonable work order, the referee specifically found that appellant’s failure to obtain a doctor’s excuse did not res…

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