UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,
v.
FRANK ROBINSON, JR., DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
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Possession of 25.2 grams of crack cocaine is sufficient to support a jury verdict for possession with intent to distribute.
Frank Robinson, Jr. was convicted of possession with intent to distribute crack cocaine. The amount possessed was 25.2 grams, valued at approximately …
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PER CURIAM:
The issue on this appeal is whether the possession of 25.2 grams of crack cocaine is sufficient to support a jury verdict con victing Frank Robinson, Jr. of possession with intent to distribute, in violation of 21 U.S.C.A. § 841. Defendant contends (1) the court abused its discretion in allowing a police officer to testify for the prosecution as an expert on the crack cocaine trade in Tallahassee, and (2) without that testimony, the amount involved was insufficient evidence of Robinson’s intent to distribute the drug. We affirm.
The Government sought to prove that 25.2 grams of crack cocaine was a sufficient amount from which an intent to distribute could be inferred by the testimony of an expert witness. William Nathan Hurlburt II had been a Tallahassee police officer for over six years. He worked four and one-half years in an area of the city where the major law enforcement problem was crack cocaine. He had arrested approximately one hundred suspects for crack cocaine offenses. For the eight months prior to trial, he was a member of a police unit whose sole responsibility was to investigate crack cocaine offenses.
The district court’s ruling that the officer was qualified to offer an expert opinion on the subject of crack cocaine dealing and use in Tallahassee was not erroneous. See United States v. Costa, 691 F. 2d 1358, 1361-62 (11th Cir.1982).
Officer Hurlburt testified that the crack cocaine, 25.2 grams worth about $2,000, which police recovered when they apprehended Robinson was an extremely large amount for a mere user to possess. Hurlburt indicated that the two thousand dollars worth of cocaine base could be cut into small individual doses of approximately two dollars each. From this evidence the jury could reasonably have inferred that Robinson intended to distribute a substantial part of the cocaine he possessed.
Robinson contends that, irrespective of the officer’s testimony, 25.2 grams of cocaine is insufficient as a matter of law to support an inference of intended distribution. The cases on which he relies, such as Turner v. United States, 396 U.S. 398, 90 S.Ct. 642, 24 L.Ed.2d 610 (1970); United States v. Franklin, 728 F. 2d 994 (8th Cir.1984); and United States v. Olvera, 523 F. 2d 1252 (5th Cir.1975), are distinguishable since they do not involve the more potent, concentrated form of the drug, cocaine base which was possessed here, or they involve smaller amounts.
We note that under the mandatory minimum sentencing provisions of 21 U.S.C.A. § 841(b)(1)(A), 50 grams or more of cocaine base requires the same minimum punishment as 5 kilograms or more of the less potent forms of cocaine, and under sub-clause (b)(1)(B) of that provision, 5 grams or more of cocaine base mandates the same minimum sentence as 500 grams or more of the other forms of the drug. This suggests that Congress has found cocaine base to be a more powerful type of cocaine distributed in smaller amounts.
We find no support for Robinson’s contention that possession of 25.2 grams of cocaine base is a legally insufficient basis for finding intent to distribute. The trial evidence presented a jury question on the issue of intent.
AFFIRMED.
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K.M. v. State, 545 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)…t sufficient circumstantial evidence to prove intent to sell, McCullough v. State, 541 So. 2d 720 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989), additional evidence supports the trial court’s finding that K.M. intended to sell the cocaine. See e.g. United States v. Robinson, 870 F. 2d 612 (11th Cir.1989). Finally, the record supports a trial court determination that the evidence excluded every reasonable hypothesis but that of K.M.’s guilt. See G.D. v. State, 497 So. 2d 1318 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986). The state presented evidence — the offi…
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Woods v. State, 596 So. 2d 156 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992)…inapposite, since the appellants in those cases were not, as here, seen while in physical possession of the contraband. The evidence is also sufficient to support an inference of appellant’s intent to sell or distribute. United States v. Robinson, 870 F. 2d 612 (11th Cir.1989); McCullough v. State, 541 So. 2d 720 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989). As to the reasonable doubt instruction, the trial court instructed the jury: [*158] The defendant is not required to prove anything. Whenever the words reasonable doubt are u…
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Shackleford v. State, 567 So. 2d 30 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)…v. State, 466 So. 2d 1176 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1985). Additionally, the cocaine that was seized was packaged in a manner which would also evidence the defendant’s intent to sell. K.M. v. State, 545 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1989); United States v. Robinson, 870 F. 2d 612 (11th Cir.1989). In light of this evidence, there is no reasonable possibility that the failure to give the instruction contributed to appellant’s conviction. Tollefson v. State, 525 So. 2d 957 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988). I, therefore, believe the state h…
Previewing 3 of 7 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Turner v. United States, 396 U.S. 398 (U.S. 1970)
- United States v. Costa, 691 F.2d 1358 (11th Cir. 1982)
- United States v. Franklin, 728 F.2d 994 (8th Cir. 1984)
- United States v. Olvera, 523 F.2d 1252 (5th Cir. 1975)