WILLIE B. RHODES, JR., APPELLANT,
v.
LAWSON L. LAMAR, ETC., APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1986-07-03
No. 85-1294
COBB, C.J., and DAUKSCH, J., concur.
490 So. 2d 1061 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1986) Caution
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Willie B. Rhodes, Jr. was injured when a car being pursued by Orange County Sheriff's deputies struck his vehicle. Rhodes appealed a summary judgment dismissing his negligence claim against Orange County and Sheriff Lawson Lamar, arguing the deputies were negligent in conducting a high-speed pursuit through busy streets. The court affirmed, holding that the decision to pursue a suspect is a discretionary, planning-level decision protected by sovereign immunity.


Holding

The court held that the decision to pursue a lawbreaker is a discretionary, planning-level decision for which the Sheriff enjoyed sovereign immunity. The court distinguished between the discretionary decision to pursue (protected by sovereign immunity) and the operational manner of conducting a pursuit (which may be subject to a duty of care), finding that the injury here was caused solely by the fact of pursuit, not by negligent operation of the patrol vehicle.


Headnotes

[1] A law enforcement officer is not responsible for the acts of an offender being pursued, provided the officer operates their vehicle with due care.

[2] The decision to initiate a high-speed police pursuit is a discretionary, planning-level decision protected by sovereign immunity.

Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“The rule governing the conduct of police in pursuit of an escaping offender is that he must operate his car with due care and, in doing so, he is not responsible for the acts of the offender.”

Establishes the standard for police conduct during pursuit—officers must exercise due care in vehicle operation but are not liable for the criminal suspect's actions.

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Rhodes was operating an automobile when it was struck by a vehicle driven by John Robert Grosse, who was being pursued by a marked Orange County Sheri…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
ORFINGER, Judge.

ORFINGER, Judge.

Appellant appeals from a summary judgment in favor of Orange County and Lawson Lamar, as Sheriff of Orange County. The appellant was injured when the automobile he was operating was struck by a motor vehicle operated by John Robert Grosse, who at the time was being pursued by a marked patrol unit of the Orange County Sheriff’s department after he apparently deliberately attempted to hit a deputy with his car. Except for pursuit conducted with blue lights and siren on, the sheriff’s vehicle was not otherwise involved in the collision and was a considerable distance from the crash site when the collision occurred. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants on the theory of sovereign immunity. We affirm.

The appellant concedes the record does not disclose any negligent operation by the deputies of their patrol car, but asserts that they were negligent in continuing the high speed chase through a heavily traveled area. Appellant does not question the right of the deputies to apprehend Grosse; only that they were negligent in attempting to apprehend him through high speed pursuit on busy streets. The supreme court considered and rejected a similar argument in City of Miami v. Horne, 198 So. 2d 10 (Fla.1967), holding:

The rule governing the conduct of police in pursuit of an escaping offender is that he must operate his car with due care and, in doing so, he is not responsible for the acts of the offender. Although pursuit may contribute to the reckless driving of the pursued, the officer is not obligated to allow him to escape. [Footnote omitted].

Id. at 13. We see no reason for a different holding here.

Appellant argues that section 768.28, Florida Statutes (1985), the waiver of sovereign immunity act, makes Horne inapplicable to the facts of this case, but we do not agree. The decision to institute pursuit of a lawbreaker is a discretionary, planning level decision for which the Sheriff enjoyed sovereign immunity. This has been made clear by the recent decisions of the supreme court. In Trianon Park Condominium Ass’n, Inc. v. City of Hialeah, 468 So. 2d 912 (Fla.1985), the court held:

How a governmental entity, through its officials and employees, exercises its discretionary power to enforce compliance with the laws duly enacted by a governmental body is a matter of governance, for which there never has been a common law duty of care. This discretionary power to enforce compliance with the law, as well as the authority to protect the public safety, is most notably reflected in the discretionary power given to judges, prosecutors, arresting officers, and other law enforcement officials ...

* * * * *

The lack of a common law duty for exercising a discretionary police power function must, however, be distinguished from existing common law duties of care applicable to the same officials or employees in the operation of motor vehicles or the handling of firearms during the course of their employment to enforce compliance with the law. In these latter circumstances there always has been a common law duty of care and the waiver of sovereign immunity now allows actions against all governmental entities for violations of those duties of care. [Citation omitted].

Id. at 919, 920. See also Everton v. Willard, 468 So. 2d 936, 938 (Fla.1985) [“There has never been a common law duty of care owed to an individual with respect to the discretionary judgmental power granted a police officer to make an arrest and to enforce the law.”].

There is no allegation nor showing here that the injury to appellant was proximately caused or contributed to by the negligent acts of the deputies in the operation of their motor vehicles. Appellant’s cause of action rests solely and completely on the fact of pursuit, which is a discretionary, judgmental decision by the officer protected by the doctrine of sovereign immunity.

AFFIRMED.

COBB, C.J., and DAUKSCH, J., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Brown v. City OF Pinellas Park, 557 So. 2d 161 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)
    …guished from existing common law duties of care applicable to the same officials or employees in the operation of motor vehicles ... to enforce compliance with the law.”). Two of the appellees argue that Sintros is in conflict with Rhodes v. Lamar, 490 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986), a subsequent Fifth District case involving injuries to an innocent bystander from a law enforcement pursuit of a lawbreaker. Their argument is not without foundation from portions of the Rhodes opinion. In affirming a summary ju…

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw