STROMBERG-CARLSON, ETC., APPELLANT,
v.
LEE ANN JACKSON AND LAEL R. JACKSON, APPELLEES

Fla. 5th DCA | 1986-03-20
No. 85-398
UPCHURCH, J., concurs., DAUKSCH, J., concurs in conclusion only., DAUKSCH, UPCHURCH and SHARP, JJ., concur.
488 So. 2d 545 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1986) Caution
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Stromberg-Carlson appeals a $190,000 tort judgment awarded to an injured employee, arguing the trial court erred in refusing to allow it to assert workers' compensation tort immunity as an affirmative defense. The appellate court reverses, holding that Stromberg-Carlson was improperly denied the opportunity to amend its pleadings to assert the immunity defense and that no equitable estoppel applied.


Holding

The trial court erred in denying Stromberg-Carlson's opportunity to assert workers' compensation tort immunity. The court reversed the judgment, holding that Stromberg-Carlson should have been permitted to amend its pleadings to assert the defense because no prejudice to the appellees was demonstrated and no basis for equitable estoppel existed.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant may assert the affirmative defense of workers' compensation tort immunity even if it previously contested the plaintiff's workers' compensation claim, absent…

[2] Leave to amend pleadings should be freely given when justice requires, with prejudice to the opposing party being the primary consideration for denial.

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Key Quotes

“Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.190 provides that leave to amend pleadings shall be given freely when justice so requires. A test of prejudice is the primary consideration in determining whether a motion for leave to amend should be granted.”

Establishes the liberal standard for allowing amendments to pleadings and the prejudice test that applies.

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Facts & Procedural History

Lee Ann Jackson, an employee of Stromberg-Carlson, was injured in an automobile accident on a private roadway owned by Stromberg-Carlson while being d…

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Opinion of the Court
SHARP, Judge.

[*546] SHARP, Judge.

Stromberg-Carlson appeals from an order denying its motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict or in the alternative, motion for new trial, and a final judgment in a tort action which awarded Jackson and her husband $185,000.00 and $5,000.00 in damages, respectively. Appellant raises a number of points. However, we find its contention that the trial court erred in refusing to allow Stromberg-Carl-son to assert the affirmative defense of workers’ compensation tort immunity determinative and we reverse.

Appellee, Lee Ann Jackson, was injured in an automobile accident on a private roadway on property owned by Stromberg-Carl-son. Jackson was an employee of Strom-berg-Carlson and was being driven to work by her husband when the accident occurred. At trial the proofs established that the accident was caused by the highly slick and smooth surface of the roadway which caused the motor vehicle, in which Jackson was a passenger, to skid and strike the rear of another vehicle. The record clearly reflects this accident occurred within the course of Jackson’s employment under the “special hazard” exception to the “coming and going rule.” Naranja Rock Co. v. Dawal Farms, 74 So. 2d 282 (Fla.1954).

Jackson first filed a claim for workers’ compensation benefits. It was vigorously defended by Stromberg-Carlson. A hearing was scheduled in the compensation case and shortly before it was to take place, a state workers’ compensation specialist issued an advisory opinion that Jackson’s injury was compensable. One week before the hearing Jackson voluntarily withdrew her claim. She then filed this tort suit.

On two occasions during the litigation of this case, Stromberg-Carlson attempted to raise the affirmative defense of workers’ compensation tort immunity. The first time was in a motion to file an amended answer to plaintiff’s second amended complaint. The second attempt was in Strom-berg-Carlson’s answer to plaintiffs’ third amended complaint. The portion of the answer asserting this defense was stricken upon" plaintiff’s motion. Both times the trial judge ruled that Stromberg-Carlson was equitably estopped from asserting the workers’ compensation tort immunity defense by reason of its prior conduct and in particular its prior denial of the plaintiff’s claim for workers’ compensation benefits. The case proceeded to jury trial and the judgment being appealed was entered.

Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.190 provides that leave to amend pleadings shall be given freely when justice so requires. A test of prejudice is the primary consideration in determining whether a motion for leave to amend should be granted. New River Yachting Center, Inc. v. Bacchiocchi, 407 So. 2d 607 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981), review denied, 415 So. 2d 1360 (Fla.1982). Appellees have presented no reason as to how they would have been prejudiced if Stromberg-Carlson were allowed to assert the workers’ compensation tort immunity defense and we find in this record no basis to apply equitable estoppel.1 Jackson’s compensation claim will not be barred by the statute of limitations because section 440.19(4), Florida Statutes (1983) provides that the two-year time limit for filing a workers’ compensation claim does not start to run until the termination of a civil suit for damages. Since no prejudice was shown, Stromberg-Carlson should have been allowed to amend its answer to plaintiffs’ second amended complaint and Strom-berg-Carlson’s assertion of the tort immunity defense in its answer to plaintiffs’ third amended complaint should not have been stricken.

Accordingly, the judgment below is reversed and the case remanded with instructions to enter an order granting Stromberg-Carlson’s motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the basis of workers’ compensation tort immunity.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.

UPCHURCH, J., concurs.

DAUKSCH, J., concurs in conclusion only.

. Compare Quality Shell Homes & Supply Co. v. Roley, 186 So. 2d 837 (Fla. 1st DCA 1966).

Other
PER CURIAM.

ON MOTION FOR REHEARING

PER CURIAM.

We grant the motion for rehearing and amend to clarify our original opinion regarding the disposition of the case.

Accordingly, we reverse the judgment and quash the order denying appellant’s motion to plead the immunity defense. We remand the case to permit the pleading of that defense. The case shall proceed thereafter to conclusion at the circuit court level.

REHEARING GRANTED; REMANDED.

DAUKSCH, UPCHURCH and SHARP, JJ., concur.


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  • Kash-N-Karry & Scott Wetzel Servs., Inc. v. Johnson, 617 So. 2d 791 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993)
    …of any evidence that the area was defective or in disrepair, because claimant did not know whether the area had been freshly painted and because claimant’s own exhibits did not reveal any hazardous condition. Nothing in Stromberg-Carlson v. Jackson, 488 So. 2d 545 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986), requires a different result. Moreover, application of the special hazard rule requires proof of a causal relationship between the hazard and the injury. Betancourt, supra at 468. The only testimony on the issue of causation is…

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