RICHARD L. FINCHER, PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA DEPT. OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT SECURITY-UNEMPLOYMENT APPEALS COMMISSION, DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES

11th Cir. | 1986-09-09
No. 85-3978
798 F.2d 1371 Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (1986) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

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Holding

The Eleventh Amendment bars a 42 U.S.C. § 1985 claim against a state agency unless Congress has abrogated immunity or the state has waived it.


Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiff sued a state unemployment appeals commission alleging due process and equal protection violations under 42 U.S.C. § 1985. The district court…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM:

PER CURIAM:

Appellant Richard Fincher brought this 42 U.S.C. § 1985 civil rights action against the State of Florida, Department of Labor and Employment Security, Unemployment Appeals Commission (Commission) alleging that the Commission violated the due process and equal protection clauses of the fourteenth amendment when it denied him unemployment compensation benefits. The district court dismissed the suit, holding that the Eleventh Amendment barred the 42 U.S.C. § 1985 claim. We affirm.

Whether an entity is an arm of the state protected by the Eleventh Amendment “turns on its function and character as determined by state law.” Sessions v. Rusk State Hospital, 648 F. 2d 1066, 1069 (5th Cir.1981). Significant in this determination are the definitions of “state,” the state’s degree of control over the entity, and the fiscal autonomy of the entity. United Carolina Bank v. Board of Re gents, 665 F. 2d 553 (5th Cir.1982). Application of these factors reveals that the Commission falls within the purview of Eleventh Amendment immunity.

The Florida Unemployment Appeals Commission is a creature of Florida statute, operating as an agency within the executive branch of the Florida state government. See Fla.Stat. §§ 20.03(11); 20.171. Though the Commission receives financial support from a federal agency, the Bureau of Employment Security, Florida exercises a degree of administrative and fiscal control over the Commission. The Commission must submit any requests or budgets for federal funds to the Executive Office of the Governor for approval unless otherwise specifically authorized, and once federal money is appropriated by Congress, it may not be expended unless appropriated by the Florida legislature. Fla.Stat. §§ 216.212; 443.191. Further, the funds by which Commission members are paid reside in the state treasury, and include all monies appropriated by the State of Florida, the United States Government, and other states. Fla.Stat. § 443.211.

Fincher’s claim that any recovery would not come from state funds is unavailing. Because the Commission’s budget is submitted to the Florida legislature, it is presumed the state would be responsible for any debts that could not be paid out of the Commission’s revenues. Fouche v. Jekyll Island-State Park Authority, 713 F. 2d 1518, 1521 (11th Cir.1983). Further, while Fla.Stat. § 443.201(1) limits Florida’s liability for unemployment compensation benefits to the amount of money received from the Bureau of Employment Security or other federal agencies, it is not specified whether the Commission’s other debts are those of the state. The fact that Florida has limited liability for unemployment benefits does not preclude or foreclose the state from appropriating money to pay the Commission’s other debts, including Finch-er’s claim for $6000 in expenses. See Fouche, 713 F. 2d at 1521. Fincher has failed to sufficiently demonstrate that the monetary relief sought would not be extracted from the state’s treasury.

Therefore, we conclude that the Eleventh Amendment bars Fincher’s claim unless Florida has waived its immunity. “Absent a legitimate abrogation of immunity by Congress or a waiver of immunity by the state being sued, the Eleventh Amendment is an absolute bar to suit by an individual against a state or its agencies in federal court.” Gamble v. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, 779 F. 2d 1509 (11th Cir.1986). We find no express congressional abrogation of the state’s Eleventh Amendment immunity with respect to 42 U.S.C. § 1985 actions. Nor has the state of Florida waived its Eleventh Amendment immunity in federal civil rights actions. See Ostroff v. Florida, Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, 554 F.Supp. 347, 355-56 (M.D.Fla. 1983). The district court properly dismissed appellant’s claim.

AFFIRMED.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Hufford v. Rodgers, 912 F.2d 1338 (11th Cir. 1990)
    …of a self-insurance fund established by sheriffs of the state of Florida. We have often stressed that the Eleventh Amendment is unlikely to protect an entity with “fiscal autonomy.” Fincher v. State of Florida Dept. of Labor and Employment Security, 798 F. 2d 1371 (11th Cir.1986), cert. den. 479 U.S. 1072, 107 S.Ct. 1262, 94 L.Ed.2d 124 (1987). We are satisfied that the parties here could not invoke the State of Florida to pay any judgment on behalf of Sheriff Rodgers. From this analysis, we conclude that Sh…
  • Abusaid v. Hillsborough Cnty. Bd. OF Cnty. Comm'rs, 405 F.3d 1298 (11th Cir. 2005)
    …challenged conduct by the sheriff. As Hufford said: “We have often stressed that the Eleventh Amendment is unlikely to protect an entity with ‘fiscal autonomy.’ ” Hufford, 912 F. 2d at 1342 (quoting Fincher v. Fla. Dep’t of Labor & Employment Sec., 798 F. 2d 1371 (11th Cir.1986)); see also Shands Teaching Hosp. & Clinics, Inc. v. Beech Street Corp., 208 F. 3d 1308, 1311 (11th Cir.2000) (noting that Eleventh Amendment immunity is appropriate “only to the extent that a judgment would expose the [state] governm…
  • Andela v. Univ. of Miami, 692 F. Supp. 2d 1356 (S.D. Fla. 2010)
    …2304, 105 L.Ed.2d 45 (1989) (holding state is not a proper defendant under § 1983); Eubank v. Leslie, 210 Fed.Appx. 837, 844 (11th Cir.2006) (same); Fincher v. State of Fla. Dept. of Labor and Employment Sec. Unemployment Appeals Comm’n, 798 F.2d 1371, 1372 (11th Cir.) (holding state is not a proper defendant under § 1985); McCreery v. North Carolina, No. 5:01-CV-968-BO(3), 2002 WL 32334399, at *1 (E.D.N.C. May 4, 2002) (holding state of North Carolina and state official sued in their offic…

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