JILLETTE JONES, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1982-12-15
No. 81-1463
ORFINGER, C.J., concurs., DAUKSCH, J., dissents with opinion.
423 So. 2d 513 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1982) Caution
Cited by 11 cases

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Synopsis

Jones challenged a probation revocation based on his alleged commission of sexual battery, kidnapping, and robbery. The court affirmed the revocation, holding that while probation revocation cannot be based on hearsay alone, evidence of the defendant's own admissions—now technically labeled hearsay exceptions under the Florida Evidence Code—is sufficient to sustain revocation.


Holding

A probation revocation may be sustained based on evidence that qualifies as a hearsay exception under the Evidence Code, including the defendant's own admissions. The rule requiring more than mere hearsay does not prohibit reliance on admissions that are admissible hearsay exceptions and constitute valid substantive evidence.


Headnotes

[1] A probation revocation hearing may be sustained by evidence that is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule and constitutes substantive evidence.

[2] A defendant's own admissions or declarations against interest are admissible as substantive evidence in a probation revocation hearing, even if labeled as hearsay excepti…

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Key Quotes

“It is well established, as Jones points out, that a revocation of probation cannot be based on hearsay testimony alone.”

Establishes the baseline rule that pure hearsay cannot sustain probation revocation.

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Facts & Procedural History

Jones was on probation when he was accused of committing sexual battery, kidnapping, and robbery. At the probation revocation hearing, evidence of his…

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Opinion of the Court
SHARP, Judge.

SHARP, Judge.

Jones argues there was not sufficient evidence to sustain the trial court’s judgment that he violated a condition of his probation by committing a sexual battery, kidnapping and robbery. We disagree and affirm.

At Jones’ probation revocation hearing, the evidence of his complicity in the sexual battery, kidnapping and robbery was primarily hearsay. However, some of the “hearsay” presented at this hearing consisted of Jones’ own statements which established his involvement in the crimes.1 Under the Evidence Code, sections 90.802 and 90.803, Florida Statutes (1981), admissions or declarations against interest are now labeled as “hearsay exceptions.”

It is well established, as Jones points out, that a revocation of probation cannot be based on hearsay testimony alone.2 But we cannot find any case which has so held where the defendant’s own admissions were used in evidence against him. Prior to the effective date of the Evidence Code in Florida, this court sustained the revocation of a defendant’s probation when the evidence establishing the probation violation was the defendant’s own admission made to his supervisor. Johnson v. State, 378 So. 2d 108 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980). In that case we said the defendant’s admission was not hearsay, citing Robinson v. Pepper, 94 Fla. 1184, 116 So. 4 (1928).

In Webb v. State, 392 So. 2d 35 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980), this court also sustained the revocation of a defendant’s probation where the testimony offered in proof was the defendant’s own admission. This court did not expressly consider the effect of the Evidence Code’s definition of admissions as “hearsay” in Webb, although the Code was applicable to that case.

The rule requiring more than mere hearsay to sustain an order revoking a defendant’s probation was developed long before the effective date of the Evidence Code, and there is no indication that the Code’s mere labeling of “admissions” as “hearsay” was intended to have the result argued for by Jones in this case. In White v. State, 301 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974), the court stated the rule as follows:

In other words, in order for a revocation judgment to be sustained there must have been adduced at the hearing evidence meeting the customary requisites of admissibility, exclusive of hearsay or other evidences not generally admissible under our rules of admissibility. (Emphasis supplied).

Id. at 465.

As demonstrated by Johnson and Webb, evidence which was admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule and which was valid substantive evidence, was always sufficient to sustain the revocation of a probation order.3 We think this principle continues to apply, even though such evidence may now be labeled a “hearsay exception” under the Evidence Code. Accordingly, the probation revocation judgment in this case is

AFFIRMED.

ORFINGER, C.J., concurs.

DAUKSCH, J., dissents with opinion.

. For example, the deputy testified that Jones told him the alleged rape victim “wanted to do it.” He also told the deputy where the victim’s stolen wristwatch was hidden, and he said Patrick Bryant was with him when the crimes took place.

. See Purvis v. State, 397 So. 2d 746 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981) [Revocation apparently based solely on fact of arrest]; Clemons v. State, 388 So. 2d 639 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980) [Probation officer’s testimony about what appellant’s employer had said]; Curry v. State, 379 So. 2d 140 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980) [Revocation improper when based solely on third person hearsay reports of conduct]; Combs v. State, 351 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977) [Only evidence of violation was police officer’s testimony regarding what a co-defendant had said]; Jones v. State, 348 So. 2d 942 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977) [Only evidence of violation was supervisor’s statement that he had been informed of appellant’s arrest]; Wright v. State, 348 So. 2d 412 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977) [Only evidence of violation of probation was supervi sor’s statement regarding what someone had told him]; Tuff v. State, 338 So. 2d 1335 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976) [Only evidence in violation of probation was contained in an unidentified written report]; Brown v. State, 338 So. 2d 573 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976) [Probation improperly revoked solely on supervisor’s statement that he had been advised by unnamed advisor that appellant had been arrested and charged with burglary]; Turner v. State, 293 So. 2d 771 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974) [Only witness’s testimony was based on what he had been told by a third person]; Hampton v. State, 276 So. 2d 497 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973) [Nature of hearsay unknown]; Franklin v. State, 226 So. 2d 461 (Fla. 2d DCA 1969) [Hearsay that appellant, a minor, purchased alcoholic beverages with a fraudulent I.D. card],

. Cf. Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778, 93 S.Ct. 1756, 36 L.Ed.2d 656 (1973).

Dissent
DAUKSCH, Judge,

DAUKSCH, Judge,

dissenting:

I respectfully dissent.

The evidence which was used to support the order revoking appellant’s probation was entirely hearsay evidence and a very equivocal “confession” to a deputy sheriff. There was no direct testimony from any witness to the crime; only a recapitulation by sheriff’s deputies about what the victim had said occurred and what statement the appellant had made during custodial interrogation. In my opinion this quality and quantity of evidence does not meet the standard of proof required by due process to support a felony conviction and a fifteen year prison sentence. I would reverse and remand for a proper, substantial hearing. Purvis v. State, 397 So. 2d 746 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981); Combs v. State, 351 So. 2d 1103 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977); Demchak v. State, 351 So. 2d 1053 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Morris v. State, 727 So. 2d 975 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)
    …and that they were having a fight. Hearsay evidence is admissible in violation of probation hearings, but a violation cannot be sustained solely on the basis of hearsay evidence. Crume v. State, 703 So. 2d 1216 (Fla. 5th DCA 1997); Jones v. State, 423 So. 2d 513 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). The statements referenced above were hearsay, but the substance of the statements was corroborated by the deputies’ testimony at the hearing, which was direct evidence — not hearsay. They testified to what they observed when re…
  • Davis v. State, 831 So. 2d 792 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)
    …llant, which is not factually controverted by the state, is as follows: Judge Hill stated that the “affidavits and reports contained” in a Lake County court file indicated that Mr. Davis had confessed to committing armed robbery. In Jones v. State, 423 So. 2d 513 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982), this Honorable Court found that a defendant’s own statements, admissible as a hearsay exception, could serve as the sole basis for revoking his probation. In that case, however, the State produced the deputy to whom the alleged…
  • McFARLAND v. State, 764 So. 2d 834 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000)
    …offenses of battery; alleged victim testified that she was not battered and hearsay statements of police officers could not by themselves support probation violation). REVERSED; Sentences VACATED. COBB and GRIFFIN, JJ., concur. . Jones v. State, 423 So. 2d 513 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982).…

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