THOMAS A. EDISON COLLEGE, INC., A/K/A THOMAS A. EDISON COLLEGE, A/K/A THOMAS A. EDISON COLLEGE EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF MIND, A/K/A THOMAS A. EDISON COLLEGE, THE ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM, INC., AND GEORGE C. LYON, APPELLANTS,
v.
STATE BOARD OF INDEPENDENT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1982-03-03
No. 81-148
DOWNEY and GLICKSTEIN, JJ., concur.
411 So. 2d 257 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1982) Positive Treatment
Cited by 14 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Dr. George Lyon was convicted of criminal contempt for violating a prior injunction against issuing degrees without a state license. The appellate court affirmed the conviction and six-month jail sentence but reduced the excessive $10,000 fine to the statutory maximum of $500.


Holding

The order to show cause was valid because the judge heard sworn testimony before issuing it, which was sufficient to invoke the court's discretionary authority even without a formal affidavit. The six-month jail sentence was valid under constitutional law, but the $10,000 fine was excessive and must be reduced to the statutory maximum of $500.


Headnotes

[1] An order to show cause for criminal contempt may be issued upon sworn testimony presented to the judge, even in the absence of a formal affidavit.

[2] A jury trial is constitutionally required for criminal contempt charges when the potential sentence exceeds six months imprisonment.

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Key Quotes

“Although no affidavit was filed, Judge Born heard sworn testimony before issuing the order to show cause. This is sufficient to invoke the court's discretionary authority to issue an order to show cause.”

Establishes that sworn testimony can satisfy the affidavit requirement of Rule 3.840(a)(1)

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Facts & Procedural History

In 1974, the State Board of Independent Colleges and Universities obtained a permanent injunction against Thomas A. Edison College and Dr. Lyon, prohi…

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Opinion of the Court
DELL, Judge.

[*258] DELL, Judge.

Appellant Dr. George Lyon was adjudged guilty of criminal contempt in a non-jury trial. The action was instituted on motion of appellee. Appellant was sentenced to serve six months in the county jail and fined $10,000.

Appellant contends the order to show cause why he should not be held in contempt was invalid for failure to comply with Rule 3.840(a)(1), Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure in that the order was not issued upon a sworn affidavit. He further contends that his sentence and fine were illegally imposed.

In 1974 appellee filed a complaint for injunctive relief against appellant for issuing diplomas without a state license. Summary final judgment was entered permanently enjoining appellant, among other things, from furnishing or offering to furnish a degree or diploma and from using the word “college” or “university” in the name of appellant entity.

In 1979, appellee filed a motion for contempt against appellant for offering to issue a Ph.D. degree granted by Thomas Edison College, and for issuing a diploma in clinical psychotherapy and a certificate in clinical psychotherapy granted by Palm Beach Psychotherapy Training Center. Hearing on the motion was held before Judge Born and sworn testimony was taken. Judge Born issued an order for appellant to appear before Judge Rodgers and show cause why appellant should not be held in criminal contempt. A show cause hearing was conducted before Judge Rodgers and appellant was held to be in contempt.

Rule 3.840(a)(1), Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure provides:

(1)Order to Show Cause. The judge, of his own motion or upon affidavit of any person having knowledge of the facts, may issue and sign an order directed to the defendant, stating the essential facts constituting the criminal contempt charge and requiring him to appear before the court to show cause why he should not be held in contempt of court. (Emphasis added).

Although no affidavit was filed, Judge Born heard sworn testimony before issuing the order to show cause. This is sufficient to invoke the court’s discretionary authority to issue an order to show cause.

The jail sentence is valid. A jury trial is required by the United States Constitution when the sentence imposed is in excess of six months. Bloom v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 194, 88 S.Ct. 1477, 20 L.Ed.2d 522 (1968), Aaron v. State, 345 So. 2d 641 (Fla.1977) and cases cited therein.

We are compelled to agree with appellant that the fine imposed was excessive. Section 38.22, Florida Statutes (1973) authorizes courts to impose imprisonment and a fine for contempt, but states no maximum punishment. Section 775.02, Florida Statutes (1927) provides that when no maximum punishment is provided by statute for criminal conduct, punishment shall not exceed one year’s imprisonment and $500.00 fine. Criminal contempt convictions are subject to the provisions of Section 775.02. Aaron v. State, 284 So. 2d 673 (Fla.1973).

Although the actions of appellant herein display a continuing pattern of contempt, the holding of Aaron v. State, 284 So. 2d 673 (Fla.1973) leaves us no alternative. The order appealed is remanded to the trial court with directions to reduce the fine to not more than $500.00. In all other respects, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.

DOWNEY and GLICKSTEIN, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Baker v. Green, 732 So. 2d 6 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
    …t might be assessed for each act of contempt is $500. See Goodman v. State, 468 So. 2d 468, 468 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985); Haft v. State, 458 So. 2d 1228, 1228 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984); Thomas A. Edison College, Inc. v. State Bd. of Indep. Colleges and Univs., 411 So. 2d 257, 258 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982); Soven v. State, 622 So. 2d 1123, 1126 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993). We affirm the award of attorney’s fees to the former husband. The proceedings below involved the former husband’s attempt to secure his summer visitation. The reco…
  • Goodman v. State, 468 So. 2d 468 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985)
    …393 So. 2d 567 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981). The monetary portion of the sentence, however, is reduced from $3,000 to $500. See Aaron v. State, 284 So. 2d 673 (Fla.1973); Thomas A. Edison College, Inc. v. State Board of Independent Colleges and Universities, 411 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). HURLEY, WALDEN and BARKETT, JJ., concur.…
  • Kramer v. State, 800 So. 2d 319 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
    …no such provision by statute, the court shall proceed to punish such offense by fine or imprisonment, but the fine shall not exceed $500, nor the imprisonment 12 months.” See Thomas A. Edison College, Inc. v. State Bd. of Indep. Colleges and Univs., 411 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). Accordingly, we reverse the order finding Kramer in contempt. FULMER, A.C.J., and STRINGER, J., Concur. . Kramer was fined $100 per word for every word attributed to him in several enumerated newspaper articles. The number of…

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