LENDRA ELAINE RUSS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1981-07-15
No. 79-1350/T4-609
FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., and CO-WART, JJ., concur.
400 So. 2d 1314 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1981) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Lendra Russ appealed her conviction for obtaining public assistance by fraud, challenging the constitutionality of Florida's statute as unconstitutionally vague and overbroad for failing to specify the time within which changes in circumstances must be disclosed. The Florida appellate court affirmed, holding that the statute provides adequate notice and that HRS directives requiring disclosure within ten days provide the requisite clarity.


Holding

The statute is not unconstitutionally vague because it is sufficiently specific to give persons of common intelligence adequate warning of the proscribed conduct. The crime is complete upon receipt of assistance to which the recipient is not entitled due to changed circumstances, and HRS directives requiring disclosure within ten days provide the necessary clarity.


Headnotes

[1] A statute is not unconstitutionally vague if it provides persons of common intelligence adequate warning of proscribed conduct and sufficient clarity to avoid guesswork.

[2] The crime of obtaining public assistance by fraud is complete upon receipt of assistance to which the recipient is not entitled due to changed circumstances.

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Key Quotes

“A statute will withstand constitutional scrutiny under a void-for-vagueness challenge if it is specific enough to give persons of common intelligence and understanding adequate warning of the proscribed conduct.”

Establishes the legal standard for vagueness challenges

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Facts & Procedural History

Russ received AFDC and food stamps while gainfully employed and earning enough to disqualify her from assistance. She failed to report her employment …

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Opinion of the Court
ORFINGER, Judge.

ORFINGER, Judge.

Appellant contends that section 409.-325(1), Florida Statutes (1979)1 under which she was charged with obtaining public assistance by fraud, is unconstitutionally vague and overbroad where it does not specify the time within which disclosure of a change in circumstances must be made so that the failure to do so will constitute a criminal act. Appellant pleaded nolo con-tendere to the charge, specifically reserving her right to appeal the denial of her motion to dismiss. We affirm.

The record reflects that appellant received aid for dependent children (AFDC) and food stamps during a period when she was gainfully employed and earning enough so as not to be entitled to such public assistance. She did not report her employment until several months later during an eligibility review.

“A statute will withstand constitutional scrutiny under a void-for-vagueness challenge if it is specific enough to give persons of common intelligence and understanding adequate warning of the proscribed conduct. ... There should be sufficient clarity so that guesswork is not required to discern the prohibition, (citations omitted).

Sanicola v. State, 384 So. 2d 152 (Fla.1980).

The statute is clear. The failure to disclose the change of circumstances becomes a criminal act if it is done with intent to obtain or continue to receive public assistance to which the recipient is not entitled. Thus, under subsection (b) of the statute, the crime is complete immediately upon receipt of the assistance to which the recipient is not entitled because of such changed circumstances. The Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services, by directive made known to appellant when she applied for assistance, requires that a change of circumstances be made known immediately, but not later than ten days after receipt of the benefits, and this directive is not challenged here. The statute passes constitutional muster against the void-for-vague ness challenge. Appellant knew that her employment was a circumstance which did not entitle her to continue to receive public assistance, and when she accepted the benefits without reporting the change in circumstances, she violated the statute.

Affirmed.

FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., and CO-WART, JJ., concur. . § 409.325(1), Fla.Stat. (1979):

Any person who knowingly:
(a) Fails, by false statement, misrepresentation, impersonation, or other fraudulent means, to disclose a material fact used in making a determination as to such person’s qualification to receive aid or benefits under any state or federally funded assistance program, or (b) Fails to disclose a change in circumstances in order to obtain or continue to receive under any such program aid or benefits to which he is not entitled or in an amount larger than that to which he is entitled, or who knowingly aids and abets another person in the commission of any such act is guilty of a crime and shall be punished as provided in subsection (5).

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Citator

Cited By

  • McCLISH v. State, 404 So. 2d 144 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)
    …as charged because a handcuff key was found on his person while he was a prisoner, is unconstitutionally vague, is without merit. The statute meets the void-for-vagueness test set forth in Sanicola v. State, 384 So. 2d 152 (Fla.1980); Russ v. State, 400 So. 2d 1314 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981). The appellant has not shown an abuse of the trial court’s discretion in denying his attorney the right to question pro [*145] spective jurors on voir dire about their personal television habits. Zamora v. State, 361 So. 2d 776…

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